Series: APR 2024

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SMM – APRIL 2024 – L4 – Q6 – Evaluating Alternative Distribution Channels

Explain five criteria that can be used to evaluate alternative channels for distributing bank products and services, in the context of marketing strategy formulation.

Distribution is a key element of Marketing Strategy formulation. In your role as the Head of Business Development of your Bank, your Deputy Managing Director-Operations, has asked you to to write a report explaining five (5) criteria that can be used to evaluate Alternative Channels of distributing bank products and services.

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SMM – APRIL 2024 – L4 – Q5 – Financial Services, Inseparability, Customer Service Personnel, Marketing Strategy, Personnel Quality, Improvement Methods, Banking Sector, Ghanaian Context

Explain five ways a bank can maintain and improve the quality of its customer service personnel and their performance in service delivery, in the context of inseparability in financial services.

One of the key characteristics of Financial Services is that of inseparability. The selling of the service cannot be separated from the individual rendering the service. This implies that Customer Service personnel constitute an important element of Financial Services Marketing Strategy. In your role as the Head of Customer Service in your Bank, your Chief Executive Officer has asked you to write a report explaining five (5) ways in which the bank can maintain and improve the quality of its personnel and their performance in Customer Service Delivery.

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SMM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q4 – Internal Marketing Communications

Write a memorandum explaining the importance of internal marketing communications in banks and prepare an outline of an internal marketing plan for presentation.

The increased recognition and use of Internal Marketing Communications by banks throughout the world suggests that Bank employees can be regarded as an important but often neglected target audience. In your role as the Head of Marketing and Corporate Affairs Department in your Bank, write write a memorandum on the subject to be sent to the Head of Human Resource. Explain briefly why Internal Marketing Communications are important. Prepare an outline of an Internal Marketing Plan for presentation at the next Management meeting.

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SMM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q3 – Price Elasticity in Banking Products

Explain five reasons why demand for some banking products price elastic is while for others it is price inelastic, in the context of training Treasury Officers.

In your role as the Head of Marketing in your Bank, your Head of Human Resource Management has asked you to run a workshop for newly recruited Treasury Officers. Explain with five (5) reasons why the demand for some banking products is Price Elastic and the demand for others Price Inelastic.

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SMM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q2 – Factors for Selecting a West African Market under AfCFTA

Write a paper explaining five factors with examples for a multinational bank to consider before selecting a West African market to enter, leveraging the AfCFTA initiative.

In your role as Head of Business Development of a multinational Bank planning to enter the West Africa market to take advantage of the African Continental Free Trade Area (ACFTA) initiative, your Managing Director has asked you to write a paper to Management. Explain, with examples, five (5) factors the bank should take into consideration before selecting a particular market in West Africa.

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SMM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q1 – Development of 5-Year Strategic Marketing Plan for New Investment Product

Develop a 5-Year Strategic Marketing Plan for a new investment product targeted at high-net-worth bond holders affected by Ghana's DDEP, focusing on value creation in the banking sector.

Any investment decision should be aimed at a coherent objective of creating value. As a result of Ghana’s Domestic Debt Exchange Programme (DDEEP), the value of Government of Ghana Bonds as well as sales has reduced considerably. Potential and existing investors who are highnetwork individuals are now diversifying their investments from the bonds.

Your Bank after market research on bonds purchased has decided to develop a new investment product targeted at those potential and existing bond holders. The success of any New Product Development includes the development of a Strategic Marketing Plan for the product. As the Head of Business Development of your Bank, you have been asked by the Chairman of the Product Development Committee to develop a 5-Year Strategic Marketing Plan for the new product.

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RM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q8 – Liquidity Management and Governance Measures

Discusses five internal or regulatory measures to avoid bank liquidation due to poor liquidity and governance.

Improper Liquidity Management and weak Corporate Governance practices have caused the collapse of Ghanaian banks in the past.

Discuss any five (5 internal or regulatory measures that these banks could have resorted to in a bid to avoid liquidation.

(20 marks)

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RM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q7 – Outsourcing and Collaboration Risks

Discusses five key risk implications from outsourcing and collaborations with Telecom and Fintech.

Discuss at least five (5) key risk implications arising from the inevitable outsourcing of aspects of the banks’ operations and collaboration with Telecommunication and Fintech companies. (Hint – Discuss operational risk perspectives)

(20 marks)

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RM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q6 – Treasury Policy Areas

Discusses five key areas for a Treasury Policy and their criticality.

Discuss broadly five (5) key areas to be addressed by a Treasury Policy, indicating why these are critical for the effective functioning of the Treasury Department in its capital maintenance, liquidity and income generation functions.

(20 marks)

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RM – APR 2024 – L4 – Q5 – Cyber Security in Information Security Management

Defines Cyber Security, sources of vulnerabilities, and its importance in banking.

(a) What is “Cyber Security” in the context of Information Security Management? (10 marks)

(b) What are the key sources of vulnerabilities in the Cyber Space of Banking Businesses? (5 marks)

(c) Why has Cyber Security assumed such importance in Contemporary Banking? (5 marks)

[Total: 20 marks]

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CIB GH – INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING – APRIL 2024 – L1 – Q2 – Non-Current Assets Ledger Accounts

Prepare ledger accounts for machinery, motor vehicles, their accumulated depreciation, and disposal account based on given transactions and depreciation policies.

DG Ltd. had, among others, the following balances in its books at 1st January 2023.

Debit (GHȼ) Credit (GHȼ)
Machinery at Cost 750,000
Machinery Accumulated Depreciation 301,000
Motor Vehicles at Cost 1,000,500
Motor Vehicles Accumulated Depreciation 402,000

The following information relates to the Non-Current Assets for the financial year ended 31st December, 2023: a) On 1st July, 2023 DG Ltd. purchased machinery at a Cost Price of GHȼ 75,000, paying by cheque. b) On 1st December, 2023 DG Ltd purchased machinery at a Cost Price of GHȼ 27,600, on credit from BD Machinery Ltd. c) No disposal of machinery took place during the year ended 31st December, 2023. d) Machinery is depreciated at 20% per annum using the straight-line method, the rate being charged for each proportion of the year the machinery is owned. No allowance is made for any residual value. All machinery held as at 31st December, 2023 had been purchased within the previous four years. e) On 30th June, 2023 Motor Vehicles which originally cost GHȼ 40,000 and with a net book value of GHȼ 16,000 at the date of sale, were sold at a profit of GHȼ 600. The disposal receipt was paid into the bank account. f) No purchases of Motor Vehicles took place during the year ended 31st December, 2023. g) Motor Vehicles are depreciated at 25% per annum using the straight-line method, the rate being charged for each proportion of the year the Motor Vehicles are owned. No allowance is made for any residual value. All Motor Vehicles held as at 31st December, 2023 had been purchased within the previous three years.

You are required to: Prepare the following Ledger Accounts of DG Ltd for the year ended 31st December, 2023, where appropriate showing the balance carried down to the next Financial Year. Dates are not required.

a) Machinery (4 marks)

b) Accumulated Depreciation of Machinery (4 marks)

c) Motor Vehicles (4 marks)

d) Accumulated Depreciation of Motor Vehicles (4 marks) e) Disposal of Motor Vehicles (4 marks)

[Total: 20 marks]

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CIB GH – INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING – APRIL 2024 – L1 – Q1 – Users of Accounting Information and Financial Ratios

State five users of accounting information and their needs; calculate specified ratios from given financial statements and explain gearing implications.

a) State any FIVE (5) users of Accounting Information and their information needs. (5 marks) b) The following is a summary of the Final Accounts of Balance Ltd for the year ended 31st December 2023. Statement of Profit or Loss Account for the year ended 31st December 2023

GHȼ GHȼ
Turnover 1,400,000
Cost of Sales (800,000)
Gross Profit 600,000
Distribution Costs 64,000
Administrative Expenses 140,000
(204,000)
Operating Profit 396,000
Interest Payable 50,000
Profit Before Tax 346,000
Company Tax (58,000)
Profit After Tax 288,000
Profit and Loss Brought Forward 40,000
328,000
Ordinary Dividend (250,000)
Transfer to Reserves (52,000)
Retained Profit 26,000

Statement of Financial Position as at 31st December 2023

GHȼ
Non-Current Assets (Net) 1,100,000
Current Assets
Inventory 180,000
Receivables 100,000
Bank 60,000
340,000
Total Assets 1,440,000
Equity and Reserves
GHȼ1 Ordinary Shares 450,000
General Reserve 94,000
Retained Earnings 26,000
570,000
Non-Current Liabilities
Long Term Loans (4%) 550,000
Current Liabilities
Payables 62,000
Dividends 200,000
Taxation 58,000
320,000
Total Equity and Liabilities 1,440,000

You are required to: Calculate each of the following Ratios (where appropriate calculations should be shown to two decimal places) and answer the question in vii

i) Sales to Capital Employed (2 marks)

ii) Liquid (Acid Test) Ratio (1 mark)

iii) Interest Cover (2 marks)

iv) Dividend Cover (2 marks)

v) Gearing Ratio (2 marks)

vi) Earnings Per Share (2 marks)

vii) Explain the implications of the level of Gearing for the Ordinary Shareholders of Balance Ltd. (4 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

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ITF – APR 2024 – L3 – Q8 – Post-Shipment Finance Products

Explain four post-shipment finance products: export bill negotiation, discounting, advance against banker's acceptance, and advance against export bill for collection.

Post-Shipment Finance refers to an Advance or Loan extended to the exporter on the strength of documentation after goods have been shipped to the importer. It is more popular in Cross Border Trade transactions. This facility is extended to the exporter either on with or without recourse basis and is also applicable to both Documentary Credit and Non-Documentary Credit transactions.

REQUIRED With the above in view, explain very briefly, the following Post-Shipment Finance Products:

a. Export Bill Negotiation [5 Marks]

b. Export Bill Discounted [5 Marks]

c. Advance against Banker’s Acceptance [5 Marks]

d. Advance against an Export Bill sent for Collection [5 Marks] [Total Marks 20]

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ITF – APR 2024 – L3 – Q6 – Assistance for Clearing Imported Equipment without Bill of Lading

Explain how the bank can assist in clearing imported equipment from the port when bills of lading are missing and the precautions to take.

  • Sam Cheff Mining Ltd is your customer dealing in Mineral Prospecting in the Northern Region of Ghana. The company’s team of engineers has identified a particular site along the TamaleBolgatanga Highway which they believe could have huge deposit of Gold. When the feasibility and sample details of Analysis Reports were submitted to the Board of Directors, they quickly took a decision to allow the company to import a state-of-the-art equipment to enable full scale drilling start as soon as possible.

The Managing Director called on you today to discuss issues affecting the company’s business. He tells you that the equipment imported has arrived but is still at the Tema Harbour, unable to be cleared because the Bills of Lading involved have gone missing. As a result, the equipment has started incurring demurrage charges at the port, while at the same time, the company is incurring unnecessary labour cost due to idle time, as the workers are waiting for these machines to work with.

The Managing Director is visibly worried as he sits at the oval desk in your office, wondering what could be done to protect the company from these costs.

REQUIRED

Explain how the bank can help Sam Cheff Mining Ltd to clear the equipment from the port and the precautions the bank should take. [20 Marks]

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ITF – APR 2024 – L3 – Q5 – Implications of Documentary Credit for Importer

Define documentary credit under UCP 600, its implication for the importer, risks to parties, required documents, and precautions for receiving correct goods

  • Your customers, Roofing Technologies (RT), located at Tema Industrial Area, are specialist manufacturers of roofing sheets. The company is finding it difficult to obtain supply of raw materials as their main Ukraine Suppliers have completely shut down due to the war with Russia.

The company has now identified a South African supplier, who can meet the raw material needs of RT, but only against Secure Methods of Payment. Goods will be shipped under CIF Terms. Tema Port. In a meeting with the Chief Operating Officer today, you have been asked to establish an Irrevocable Letter of Credit in favour of the South African suppliers. Your customers advised you during the meeting that they do not understand the implications of this Secure Method of Payment to the new suppliers as they were used to Documents Against Acceptance with their Ukraine Suppliers.

In order to give them proper understanding, you are required to provide answers to the following:

a) Define Documentary Credit under UCP 600. What implication does the definition have on Roofing Technologies? [2 marks each] [4 Marks]

b) Mention two (2) risks each to RT and the beneficiary. [1 mark each] [4 Marks]

c) Mention three (3) documents (excluding Bill of Exchange) which RT should call for. Mention one (1) detail on each document which RT would expect to find if the bank agreed to establish the Letter of Credit. [2 marks each] [6 Marks]

d) Mention three (3) precautions that RT can take to ensure that they receive the right goods, while at the same time satisfying the seller’s needs. [2 marks each] [6 Marks]

[Total Marks 20]

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ITF – APR 2024 – L3 – Q4 – Foreign Bank Accounts in Local Currency

Describe why foreign banks maintain local currency accounts abroad, how they are funded and operated, list risks, and suggest management steps.

(a) Briefly describe why Foreign Banks maintain Bank Accounts in local currency abroad and how these accounts are funded and operated. [5 Marks]

(b) List the risks to a bank of Assets held in this manner. [5 Marks]

(c) What practical steps should banks employ to manage such Assets effectively? [ 10 Marks

[Total Marks 20]

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ITF – APR 2024 – L3 – Q3 – Cost Comparison of Steel Quotations from Different Countries

Calculate the cost of 100 tons of steel for three quotations from Norway, Denmark, and Turkey, including exchange, charges, and interest, to determine the cheapest option.

Question: QUESTION 3 Held and Sons are Stockholders in London whose account is operated on Overdraft basis. Hitherto, they have obtained their Stocks in the UK, but they are now forced to look elsewhere for supplies of specialised steel. They have received the following quotations:

Country Price Per Ton Payment Terms
a. Norway NOK 2,125 FOB, Oslo Open Account: Settlement one month after shipment.
b. Denmark DKK 1,560 CFR, London Draft drawn payable two months after shipment (Collection Charges for buyer).
c. Turkey TRY 2112 CIF, London Irrevocable Documentary Credit payable three months after shipment.

Using additional information set out below, show by calculating the cost of 100 tons of the steel, which of quotations (a), (b) and (c) would be the cheapest for your customer. Freight charges from any European Port £5 per ton Insurance (to be effected on 110% of CIF value) 1% payable in £ Collection Charges (total for both banks) ¼ % Documentary Credit Charges (including Acceptance Commission) ¾ % Overdraft Interest for one month (considered as 1/12 of a year) 15% pa. Ignore all other possible charges. It is to be assumed that your customers would have covered any Exchange Risk on the day of shipment, in accordance with rates quoted below, and that all payments and charges relative to any particular quotation are debited on the same day.

Spot One Month Two Months Three Months Norway 12.20 – 12.50 10 – 12c disc 15 – 18c disc 20 – 23c disc Denmark 8.90 – 9.10 8 – 5c pm 10 – 8c pm 14 – 11c pm Turkey 11.80 – 12.05 12 – 9c pm 14 – 11c pm 16 – 12c pm

[Total Marks 20]

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ITF – APR 2024 – L3 – Q2 – Option Forward Contracts and Rate Calculations

Define option forward contract and calculate appropriate rates for three scenarios involving option contracts for buying/selling foreign currencies.

(a) What do you understand by Option Forward Contract? [4 marks]

(b) From the following scenarios, calculate the appropriate rate for your customer, by specifically choosing the correct Option Rate applicable in each circumstance:

i. Your customer wishes to take out an Option Contract on 1 March for the period 1 March to 1 April, to buy US $30,000 to pay for goods imported from the USA. Your bank’s rates are as follows: 1 March Spot USD/GHS 11.3450 11.3540 One month forward 0.0520 0.0545 cedis dis. [4 marks]

ii. To manage the risk of its Foreign Exchange, your customer came to arrange for Forward Exchange Contract for export proceeds of NGN 7.8 million due within the next two months. Your customer wishes to take out an Option Contract on 1 March for the period 1 April to 1 May to sell the Foreign Currency to your bank. Your quoted rates are as follows: 1 March Spot GHC/NGN 68.0110 68.0125 One month forward 0.0120 0.0145 naira dis Two months’ forward 0.0165 0.0195 naira dis. [6 marks]

iii. The Import Bill of your customer falls due within the next three months. The customer wishes to take out an Option Contract on 1 March to pay the Swiss Franc 25,000 anytime between 1 May and 1 June. Rates are as follows: 1 March Spot CHF/GHS 12.8215 12.8265 Two months’ forward 0.0865 0.0899 cedis dis Three months’ forward 0.0910 0.0945 cedis dis [6 marks]

[Total Marks 20]

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ITF – APR 2024 – L3 – Q1 – Funding Options for Advance Payment in Construction Contract

Calculate the costs of two financing options—borrowing in USD or equivalent GHS—for a construction company's advance payment and determine the most favorable from the customer's perspective.

Zakaria Construction Plc. (ZCP) are your customers specialised in the construction of highways. Sometime in February, your customer approached you to discuss their intention to apply for a Bid Bond to participate in an International Competitive Tender by the Ministry of Roads and Highways. The Tender is for the award of a contract to construct the Eastern Corridor Road. After discussions with your bank, the Bid Bond was issued in favour of Ministry of Roads and Highways. On March 1, Mr. Adamu, the Chief Finance Officer of ZCP, called to inform you that the company has successfully won the Tender and had been awarded a contract to construct a portion of the main project. At the meeting, Mr. Adamu showed other documents confirming the award of the contract – which also showed the contract value as USD1.2million. The meeting discussed at length, how the bank could assist ZCP to obtain an Advance Payment Bond in favour of Ministry of Roads and Highways to enable the company access 11.25% initial Mobilization Funding of the contract value.

The following events took place: a. On April 1, the Advance Payment Guarantee was issued and submitted to the Ministry of Roads and Highways. b. The 11.25% Advance Payment Funding is confirmed by Ministry of Roads and Highways and will be received by your bank exactly in three months’ time, on July 1, for customer’s account. c. Also on April 1, the company entered into three months’ Forward Contract to sell the US Dollar proceeds of the 11.25% Advance Payment to your bank on arrival of funds.

ZCP has to acquire materials before main construction works begin in July and so, have requested your bank for immediate funding and have proposed two options as follows: i) To borrow the US Dollar amount of the 11.25% Advance Payment for three months and repay when it is received on July 1 . ii) To borrow Ghana Cedi equivalent of the US Dollar amount for three months and repay from proceeds of the three months Forward Contract.

Rates available for the day are as follows:

Bid Offer
April 1, Spot 10.2570 10.2640
One month forward 0.0085 cedis discount 0.0095 cedis discount
Two months’ forward 0.0115 cedis discount 0.0125 cedis discount
Three months’ forward 0.0135 cedis discount 0.0145 cedis discount

You are also given the following additional information: a. Term SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) which has replaced the LIBOR, is quoted this morning for 3 months US Dollar at 5.1% with your bank’s margin at 4.5%. b. Commitment and Arrangement Fees are charged separately on Dollar borrowing at 1.50% and 0.50% respectively. c. Interest and other charges on US Dollar borrowing should be translated at middle-rate. d. For ZCP, your bank will lend local currency at 2% above its Base Rate of 21.75% p.a. e. Processing Fees for Cedi Facility is 1.0%. f. Cedi Facility also attracts Group Insurance Commission of 1.50%.

REQUIRED Calculate each of the two options and choose the most favorable one from your customer’s point of view, stating your reason.

[Total Marks 20]

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