B

Explanation:
The correct answer is “B. Discounting.” Discounting is the process of determining the present value of a future cash flow or series of cash flows by applying a discount rate. It is used to reflect the time value of money, which means that money today is worth more than the same amount in the future.

Run-down:
Discounting is a fundamental concept in financial mathematics, used to determine how much a future sum of money is worth in today’s terms, accounting for factors like interest rates and inflation.