a. Strategic Planning: The process of defining a bank’s direction, including vision, mission, and objectives, with environmental scanning. In Ghana, it involves aligning with BoG’s Capital Requirements Directive for recapitalization, as GCB did post-cleanup to ensure competitiveness.

b. Job Analysis: Systematic study of job roles to determine duties, skills needed, and performance standards. Useful in banks for compliance roles under Act 930, helping in recruitment to avoid governance issues like those in collapsed banks.

c. Business Process Re-engineering: Radical redesign of processes for dramatic improvements in efficiency. In Ghanaian banking, it could involve digitizing loan approvals to reduce time, compliant with Payment Systems Act, enhancing agility post-DDEP.

d. Virtual Organization: A network of independent entities collaborating via technology, without physical boundaries. For banks, it means outsourcing non-core functions under BoG guidelines, like IT services, to focus on core banking while managing risks.

e. Managerial Control: Monitoring and adjusting activities to meet goals, using tools like budgets and audits. In banks, it ensures adherence to Liquidity Risk Guidelines, preventing issues like liquidity crises seen in 2017 collapses.