i. Fiscal policy: This refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is aimed at managing economic growth, inflation, and employment levels.

ii. Monetary policy: This is the process by which a central bank manages the supply of money, interest rates, and inflation to ensure economic stability and growth.

iii. Monopoly: This occurs when a single firm dominates a market, controlling the supply and pricing of a product or service, often leading to reduced competition.

iv. Downsizing: This is the practice of reducing the number of employees in an organization, typically to cut costs and improve efficiency.

v. De-layering: This involves reducing the number of levels in an organizational hierarchy to streamline operations and improve communication.

vi. Outsourcing: This is the practice of contracting out business processes or services to third-party providers to reduce costs or improve efficiency.