i. Original Jurisdiction
Original jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to reviewing a lower court’s decision. Courts with original jurisdiction have the power to adjudicate cases from their inception, dealing with the facts and applicable laws directly. In Nigeria, the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over certain matters involving federal and state government disputes.

ii. Appellate Jurisdiction
Appellate jurisdiction is the authority granted to a court to review, modify, or overturn decisions made by lower courts. Courts exercising appellate jurisdiction do not retry cases but evaluate the application of law and the procedural correctness of the original trial. In Nigeria, the Court of Appeal holds appellate jurisdiction to hear appeals from lower courts on matters of law and fact.