(i) The general rule of privity of contract is that a person who is not a party to the contract cannot bring an action or be sued on it. For a person to be a party to a contract or be privy to it, they must have furnished consideration unless the contract is under seal.

(ii) Exceptions to the general rule of privity of contract are as follows:

• A principal, who is not a party to the contract, can sue in respect of a transaction entered into on their behalf by an agent.
• A beneficiary under a will can sue to enforce the will even though they are not a party to its making.
• An assignee of a debt may sue the original debtor if the assignment is a legal one.
• An injured party can sue the insurer of the wrongdoer in an accident case to enforce their right​