Your firm was recently appointed the statutory auditors of Foodys, a limited liability company in Nigeria, for the year ended December 31, 2015. The previous auditors, from whom your firm has received professional clearance, did not wish to be re-appointed as auditors.

The principal activities of the company are the distribution and retail of fine Spanish food products. All products are imported from suppliers based in Spain and delivered to Foodys’s central warehouse in the southwest of Nigeria. The company has its own retail outlets but also supplies national supermarket chains and small independent retailers in Nigeria. Sales through Foodys’s retail outlets are on a cash basis, and sales to supermarkets and independent retailers are on credit basis.

The company maintains computerised records for inventories held at the distribution centre and retail outlets. The inventory records are supported by continuous counting procedures, and as a result, the company does not undertake a physical count at the year end.

Foodys’s retail outlets are equipped with computerised tills. As each sale is recorded, the computer updates the quantity sold and the inventory balance. The manager at each outlet is responsible for banking the takings on a daily basis.

During the year, the company engaged consultants to design and implement the company’s new website with online ordering facilities. Under the terms of the contract, the website was scheduled to be operational by the end of September 2015 in order to take advantage of the high seasonal demand at this time of the year. Due to technical problems, the website was not launched until the end of November 2015. The consultants have been paid in full for their work. However, the company has commenced legal proceedings for breach of contract.

Despite failing to meet its sales targets in respect of online sales, the management accounts for the 11 months to November 30, 2015, indicate an increase in sales revenue of 12% compared with the same period in 2014. Inventory and receivables balances are significantly higher than the previous year as a result of the increased level of activity.

Management is planning to expand the retail activities of the business by opening additional retail outlets. It is hoping to fund the expansion with a bank loan and has approached the company’s bankers to provide the funding. The bankers require the audited financial statements before making a decision. Management is keen to have the funding in place to progress with the expansion and would like to have the audit completed by February 28, 2016.

Required:

(a) Identify the key business risks from the circumstances described above.
(b) List the factors which have led you to identify that risk.
(c) Outline the audit work you would perform to address the risk.

(a) Key Business Risks

  1. Perishable Inventory: Imported food products may spoil before arriving in Nigeria.
  2. Foreign Exchange (FX) Risk: FX fluctuations could lead to significant losses, potentially misstated under IAS 21.
  3. Expired Inventory: Risk of selling expired goods or carrying them without appropriate valuation adjustments under IAS 2, causing reputational damage.
  4. Credit Risk: Defaults by credit customers could lead to overstated receivables due to inadequate provisions.
  5. Website Issues: Technical problems and high maintenance costs could increase operational expenses and lead to errors in inventory and revenue.
  6. Cash Pilferage: Cash sales increase the risk of theft and unrecorded sales.
  7. Inventory Records: Mismatches between computerized records and physical inventory could result in valuation errors.
  8. Management Bias: Preparation of financial statements to secure a loan introduces bias and increases inherent audit risk.
  9. Bank Loan Risks: Strict covenants, high interest costs, and increased leverage may result in financial misstatements.
  10. Multiple Locations: Coordinating and monitoring distributed outlets increases the likelihood of inefficiencies and theft.
  11. Political Risks: Potential trade restrictions or political instability in Spain could disrupt supply chains.
  12. Legal Proceedings: Litigation against consultants for breach of contract could harm the company’s reputation and future relations with service providers.

(b) Factors Leading to Identification of Risks

Risk Factors Aiding Risk Identification
Perishable Inventory Nature of inventory, operations, and importation contract.
FX Fluctuations Nigeria’s volatile FX rates and IFRS requirements.
Expired Inventory Inventory type, business nature, and IAS 2 compliance.
Credit Risk Industry practices, management oversight, and IFRS regulations.
Website Issues Online sales dependency, potential technical issues, and cyber threats.
Cash Pilferage Cash-based transactions and lack of oversight.
Inventory Records Reliance on perpetual systems and susceptibility to theft.
Management Bias Loan dependency and inherent bias risks.
Bank Loan Risks Financial position, IFRS regulations, and covenant requirements.
Multiple Locations Complex structure and lack of effective internal controls.
Political Risks Economic and political conditions in Spain and Nigeria.
Legal Proceedings Nature of the contract and its potential reputational impact.

(c) Audit Work to Address Risks

Risk Audit Work
Perishable Inventory Review import contracts, assess mitigation measures like insurance and storage during transit.
FX Fluctuations Inquire about FX management, inspect cash flow forecasts, and review IAS 21 compliance.
Expired Inventory Inspect valuation policies, review internal audit reports, and perform NRV testing.
Credit Risk Assess credit controls, test provisions, analyze aging, and confirm receivables.
Website Issues Test application controls using CAATs, inspect cybersecurity measures, and ensure data accuracy.
Cash Pilferage Verify daily deposits, review cash controls, and conduct surprise reconciliations.
Inventory Records Verify physical items against records, conduct cost/NRV tests, and ensure cutoff accuracy.
Management Bias Apply professional skepticism, use analytical procedures, and evaluate changes in estimates.
Bank Loan Risks Review loan terms, discuss compliance with management, and evaluate financial gearing.
Multiple Locations Inspect internal audit reports, verify remote inventory, and review operational controls.
Political Risks Discuss diversification plans and assess political conditions affecting supply chains.
Legal Proceedings Review legal correspondence, assess alternative vendor options, and evaluate disclosure adequacy.