Question Tag: Loan

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  • 25 Marks

STP – Feb 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Strategic Tax Planning

Advise on tax implications of AIG acquiring 55% stake in Fluid Logistics Ghana and providing a GH₵6.5M loan, plus tax planning options.

The President of America Is Great (AIG) Group, a US Corporation, is exploring the possibility of acquiring a fifty-five percent stake in Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited. The stated capital of Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited is GH₵1,500,000. AIG Corporation intends providing a loan of GH₵6,500,000 to Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited when the transaction for the acquisition of the fifty-five percent stake is completed. The President of AIG Corporation is seeking your advice on the tax implications of the proposed transactions.

Required: Advise the President on: i. The income tax implications of the acquisition of a fifty-five percent stake in Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited. 9 marks ii. The income tax implications of providing the loan of GH₵6,500,000. 9 marks iii. The tax planning options available to minimize the tax effects of the proposed transactions.

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  • 5 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Audit Procedures for Long-term Loan in Ecowud Co. LTD

Audit procedures to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence for a long-term loan.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company operates across Ghana and West Africa and has secured a GH¢3.5 million long-term loan as part of its financial restructuring. The loan agreement has bank-imposed financial conditions, including maintaining a minimum total asset level. If these conditions are breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

As part of the audit procedures, you are required to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding the GH¢3.5 million long-term loan.

Required:
Describe FIVE audit procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence in relation to the long-term loan of GH¢3.5 million.

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  • 15 Marks

FM – May 2016 – L3 – Q7 – Financing Decisions and Capital Markets

Comparing the cost of financing equipment replacement through an outright purchase funded by a loan versus a finance lease.

MK Plc is considering the best way to finance the replacement for a particular high specification piece of equipment that has become too costly to maintain. The replacement equipment is estimated to have a useful life of 4 years with no residual value after that time.

Two alternative financing schemes are being evaluated:

  • Scheme A: Buy the equipment outright funded by a bank loan
  • Scheme B: Enter into a four-year finance lease

Scheme A: Buy outright, funded by a bank loan
MK Plc could purchase the equipment outright at a cost of N200 million on July 1, 2016. MK Plc can normally borrow at an annual interest rate of 13% per year.

Scheme B: Four-year finance lease
The equipment would be delivered on July 1, 2016, and MK Plc would pay a fixed amount of N58,790,000 each year in advance, starting on July 1, 2016, for four years. At the end of four years, ownership of the equipment will pass to MK Plc without further payment.

Other Information:

  • MK Plc has a cost of equity of 20% and WACC of 16%
  • MK Plc is liable to company tax at a marginal rate of 30%, which is settled at the end of the year in which it arises
  • Tax depreciation allowances on the full capital cost are available in equal instalments over the first four years of operation

You are required to:

a.

Calculate which payment method is expected to be cheaper for MK Plc and recommend which should be chosen solely on the present value of the two alternatives as at July 1, 2016. (13 Marks)

b.

Discuss the appropriateness of the discount rate used in (a). (2 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2017 – L1 – SA – Q12 – Partnership Accounts

Identifies the correct treatment of a partner’s loan in partnership accounts.

Loan advanced by a partner to the partnership would be shown in
A. Receivables account
B. Partner’s capital account
C. Partner’s current account
D. Non-current liability account
E. Goodwill account

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2016 – L1 – SA – Q5 – Financial Statements Preparation

A question about the effect of taking a loan on an entity's financial statements.

Which of the following will be the effect of taking a loan from the bank by an entity?
A. Increase in both liabilities and equity
B. Decrease in assets and increase in liabilities
C. Decrease in both liabilities and equity
D. Increase in both assets and liabilities
E. Increase in assets and decrease in liabilities

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  • 20 Marks

MI – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Budgeting

Prepare a cash budget for a three-month period based on sales, purchases, loan, and other projections.

WHYME LIMITED is engaged in the manufacturing and sales of fast-moving consumer products. The following data are projections for a period of six months:

Month Sales (N’000) Purchases (N’000) Salaries (N’000) Staff Salary Deductions (N’000) Overheads (N’000)
Jan 9,600 5,400 1,650 78 1,650
Feb 15,800 12,000 1,760 82 1,920
March 16,000 10,000 1,760 90 2,100
April 17,600 11,000 1,789 89 2,400
May 14,800 11,200 1,842 92 1,860
June 14,200 9,800 1,800 85 1,720

Other additional information:

  1. Sales are 25% on cash basis, 55% is collected in the month following sales, and the balance in the third month.
  2. All purchases are on 30 days credit while 20% of overheads are paid in the same month, with the balance in the following month.
  3. Net salaries will be paid in the same month, while statutory deductions are remitted on the 10th day of the following month.
  4. A N10 million loan will be released in March to finance the purchase of a new asset costing N12 million in the same month. The loan will be repaid equally over four months starting from April. (Ignore interest).
  5. An old asset will be disposed of in April for N1.5 million.
  6. Cash balance as at the end of February will be N6.5 million, with N2.5 million put into a short-term investment in March at a 2% monthly interest rate, credited at the beginning of the following month.

Required:
Prepare a cash budget for the period of March to May. (Ignore taxation).
(20 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

QT – Nov 2018 – L1 – Q3b – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate the maximum loan Kasuli can borrow at 15% interest with monthly payments of GH¢1,400 over 20 years.

Kasuli, a Marketing Executive who could not recover any amount out of his investment, decided to take a mortgage at an interest rate of 15% over a 20-year term. If his income is enough to enable him to pay GH¢1,400 per month, what is the maximum amount he can borrow? (10 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

CR – May 2019 – L3 – Q2a – Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement corporate reporting

The question requires the accounting treatment for the issue of a subsidized loan granted by Chereponi Ltd to a charity, applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.

Chereponi Ltd (Chereponi) is a listed manufacturing company. Chereponi granted a loan of GH¢25 million to a homeless charity for the building of a community centre. The loan was granted on 1 January 2018 and is repayable on maturity in four years’ time. Interest, which is subsidized, is to be charged one year in arrears at 4%, but Chereponi assesses that a normal rate for such a loan would have been 8%. Chereponi recorded a financial asset at GH¢25 million and reduced this by the interest received each year.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 9: Financial Instruments, recommend with justification the required accounting treatment for the issue of the loan to the homeless charity in the financial statements of Chereponi for the year ended 31 December 2018. (6 marks)

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  • 12 Marks

AT – July 2023 – L3 – Q1a – International taxation

Analyzing the tax implications of share capital, loan interest, revaluation reserves, and thin capitalization

On 1 January 2022, Frost Ltd based in the United States of America acquired 100% shares in Nzungu Ltd in the Gambia. Also, Nzungu Ltd acquired 60% shares in Gyakye Ltd in Ghana.

Frost Ltd granted a loan equivalent of GH¢100 million to Nzungu Ltd. The loan was subsequently passed on to Gyakye Ltd in Ghana to strengthen its capital structure.

The interest equivalent on the loan from Frost Ltd to Nzungu Ltd was GH¢6,000,000. Gyakye Ltd ended up paying GH¢8,000,000 as interest to Nzungu Ltd. The difference in interest payment was a service charge for the role played in transferring the loan to Ghana by Nzunga.

Gyakye Ltd has the following extracts from its Statement of Financial Position as at 2022:

Required:
Evaluate the tax implications of the following:

  1. The movement in the Share Capital.
  2. The loan interest paid.
  3. The movement in the retained earnings.
  4. The movement in the revaluation reserves.
  5. Thin capitalization implications from the above.

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  • 25 Marks

STP – Feb 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Strategic Tax Planning

Advise on tax implications of AIG acquiring 55% stake in Fluid Logistics Ghana and providing a GH₵6.5M loan, plus tax planning options.

The President of America Is Great (AIG) Group, a US Corporation, is exploring the possibility of acquiring a fifty-five percent stake in Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited. The stated capital of Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited is GH₵1,500,000. AIG Corporation intends providing a loan of GH₵6,500,000 to Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited when the transaction for the acquisition of the fifty-five percent stake is completed. The President of AIG Corporation is seeking your advice on the tax implications of the proposed transactions.

Required: Advise the President on: i. The income tax implications of the acquisition of a fifty-five percent stake in Fluid Logistics Ghana Limited. 9 marks ii. The income tax implications of providing the loan of GH₵6,500,000. 9 marks iii. The tax planning options available to minimize the tax effects of the proposed transactions.

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  • 5 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Audit Procedures for Long-term Loan in Ecowud Co. LTD

Audit procedures to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence for a long-term loan.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company operates across Ghana and West Africa and has secured a GH¢3.5 million long-term loan as part of its financial restructuring. The loan agreement has bank-imposed financial conditions, including maintaining a minimum total asset level. If these conditions are breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

As part of the audit procedures, you are required to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding the GH¢3.5 million long-term loan.

Required:
Describe FIVE audit procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence in relation to the long-term loan of GH¢3.5 million.

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  • 15 Marks

FM – May 2016 – L3 – Q7 – Financing Decisions and Capital Markets

Comparing the cost of financing equipment replacement through an outright purchase funded by a loan versus a finance lease.

MK Plc is considering the best way to finance the replacement for a particular high specification piece of equipment that has become too costly to maintain. The replacement equipment is estimated to have a useful life of 4 years with no residual value after that time.

Two alternative financing schemes are being evaluated:

  • Scheme A: Buy the equipment outright funded by a bank loan
  • Scheme B: Enter into a four-year finance lease

Scheme A: Buy outright, funded by a bank loan
MK Plc could purchase the equipment outright at a cost of N200 million on July 1, 2016. MK Plc can normally borrow at an annual interest rate of 13% per year.

Scheme B: Four-year finance lease
The equipment would be delivered on July 1, 2016, and MK Plc would pay a fixed amount of N58,790,000 each year in advance, starting on July 1, 2016, for four years. At the end of four years, ownership of the equipment will pass to MK Plc without further payment.

Other Information:

  • MK Plc has a cost of equity of 20% and WACC of 16%
  • MK Plc is liable to company tax at a marginal rate of 30%, which is settled at the end of the year in which it arises
  • Tax depreciation allowances on the full capital cost are available in equal instalments over the first four years of operation

You are required to:

a.

Calculate which payment method is expected to be cheaper for MK Plc and recommend which should be chosen solely on the present value of the two alternatives as at July 1, 2016. (13 Marks)

b.

Discuss the appropriateness of the discount rate used in (a). (2 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2017 – L1 – SA – Q12 – Partnership Accounts

Identifies the correct treatment of a partner’s loan in partnership accounts.

Loan advanced by a partner to the partnership would be shown in
A. Receivables account
B. Partner’s capital account
C. Partner’s current account
D. Non-current liability account
E. Goodwill account

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2016 – L1 – SA – Q5 – Financial Statements Preparation

A question about the effect of taking a loan on an entity's financial statements.

Which of the following will be the effect of taking a loan from the bank by an entity?
A. Increase in both liabilities and equity
B. Decrease in assets and increase in liabilities
C. Decrease in both liabilities and equity
D. Increase in both assets and liabilities
E. Increase in assets and decrease in liabilities

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  • 20 Marks

MI – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Budgeting

Prepare a cash budget for a three-month period based on sales, purchases, loan, and other projections.

WHYME LIMITED is engaged in the manufacturing and sales of fast-moving consumer products. The following data are projections for a period of six months:

Month Sales (N’000) Purchases (N’000) Salaries (N’000) Staff Salary Deductions (N’000) Overheads (N’000)
Jan 9,600 5,400 1,650 78 1,650
Feb 15,800 12,000 1,760 82 1,920
March 16,000 10,000 1,760 90 2,100
April 17,600 11,000 1,789 89 2,400
May 14,800 11,200 1,842 92 1,860
June 14,200 9,800 1,800 85 1,720

Other additional information:

  1. Sales are 25% on cash basis, 55% is collected in the month following sales, and the balance in the third month.
  2. All purchases are on 30 days credit while 20% of overheads are paid in the same month, with the balance in the following month.
  3. Net salaries will be paid in the same month, while statutory deductions are remitted on the 10th day of the following month.
  4. A N10 million loan will be released in March to finance the purchase of a new asset costing N12 million in the same month. The loan will be repaid equally over four months starting from April. (Ignore interest).
  5. An old asset will be disposed of in April for N1.5 million.
  6. Cash balance as at the end of February will be N6.5 million, with N2.5 million put into a short-term investment in March at a 2% monthly interest rate, credited at the beginning of the following month.

Required:
Prepare a cash budget for the period of March to May. (Ignore taxation).
(20 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

QT – Nov 2018 – L1 – Q3b – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate the maximum loan Kasuli can borrow at 15% interest with monthly payments of GH¢1,400 over 20 years.

Kasuli, a Marketing Executive who could not recover any amount out of his investment, decided to take a mortgage at an interest rate of 15% over a 20-year term. If his income is enough to enable him to pay GH¢1,400 per month, what is the maximum amount he can borrow? (10 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

CR – May 2019 – L3 – Q2a – Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement corporate reporting

The question requires the accounting treatment for the issue of a subsidized loan granted by Chereponi Ltd to a charity, applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.

Chereponi Ltd (Chereponi) is a listed manufacturing company. Chereponi granted a loan of GH¢25 million to a homeless charity for the building of a community centre. The loan was granted on 1 January 2018 and is repayable on maturity in four years’ time. Interest, which is subsidized, is to be charged one year in arrears at 4%, but Chereponi assesses that a normal rate for such a loan would have been 8%. Chereponi recorded a financial asset at GH¢25 million and reduced this by the interest received each year.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 9: Financial Instruments, recommend with justification the required accounting treatment for the issue of the loan to the homeless charity in the financial statements of Chereponi for the year ended 31 December 2018. (6 marks)

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  • 12 Marks

AT – July 2023 – L3 – Q1a – International taxation

Analyzing the tax implications of share capital, loan interest, revaluation reserves, and thin capitalization

On 1 January 2022, Frost Ltd based in the United States of America acquired 100% shares in Nzungu Ltd in the Gambia. Also, Nzungu Ltd acquired 60% shares in Gyakye Ltd in Ghana.

Frost Ltd granted a loan equivalent of GH¢100 million to Nzungu Ltd. The loan was subsequently passed on to Gyakye Ltd in Ghana to strengthen its capital structure.

The interest equivalent on the loan from Frost Ltd to Nzungu Ltd was GH¢6,000,000. Gyakye Ltd ended up paying GH¢8,000,000 as interest to Nzungu Ltd. The difference in interest payment was a service charge for the role played in transferring the loan to Ghana by Nzunga.

Gyakye Ltd has the following extracts from its Statement of Financial Position as at 2022:

Required:
Evaluate the tax implications of the following:

  1. The movement in the Share Capital.
  2. The loan interest paid.
  3. The movement in the retained earnings.
  4. The movement in the revaluation reserves.
  5. Thin capitalization implications from the above.

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