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CR – May 2016 – L3 – Q3 – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Discuss and account for deferred taxation arising from temporary differences using IAS 12 for Limelight Plc.

Limelight, a public limited company, is a major player in commodity brokerage and supplies. The following transactions relate to the year ended December 31, 2014.

Profit before taxation for the year was ₦487.5m. Taxable profit for the same period was ₦131.25m.

The balances of non-current assets of the company, at December 31, 2014:

N’000 Amount
Accounting carrying amount 937,500
Tax written down value 637,500

The balances above do not include a freehold building purchased in February 2014 for ₦750m. This building was revalued to ₦985m on December 31, 2014.

Accrued rental income on investment property at December 31, 2014, amounted to ₦9.75m. This income was credited to the statement of profit or loss as at year-end but was not received until three months after. Rental income is taxed by the Federal Inland Revenue Service on an actual basis when it is received.

No other temporary differences exist at December 31, 2014. Income tax and Withholding taxes on rental income are paid at 30% and 10% respectively, six months after the year.

Required:

a) Discuss the conceptual basis for the recognition of deferred taxation by Limelight Plc using the temporary difference approach in accordance with IAS 12, arising from the above transactions.

b (i) Outline how the above transactions should be accounted for using journal entries where appropriate.

b (ii) Calculate the provision for deferred tax after any necessary adjustments to the financial statements at December 31, 2014, and use journal entries.

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CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q3a – Impairment of Assets (IAS 36)

Discuss why FRCN should focus on impairment of non-financial and deferred tax assets during economic recession.

The economic environment in the country has been very harsh, and it is now common knowledge that the economy is in a recession. This downturn impacts the income-generating capacity of companies, particularly in industries experiencing a significant decline in fortunes. Consequently, financial reporting regulators must closely examine evidence of impairment of assets in financial statements submitted by such companies.

Required:
Discuss briefly the reasons why the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) should focus on the impairment of non-financial assets and deferred tax assets of listed companies in Nigeria during this period of slow economic growth. Also, outline the key areas entities should focus on when accounting for these items.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SC – Q4b – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Evaluate the impact of deferred tax on fair value adjustments for property, plant, and equipment in an acquisition.

On 1 June 2013, Bam Plc acquired Mango Limited for N3,150 million.
The fair value of the identifiable net assets of Mango Limited at this date was N825 million, and N2,550 million and retained earnings and other components of equity were N105 million, respectively. Mango Limited’s share capital was N1,500 million.

The excess of the fair value of the net assets is due to an increase in the value of property, plant, and equipment.

Required:
Evaluate the impact of full deferred tax on the excess of the fair value of the net assets attributable to the increase in the value of property, plant, and equipment of Bam Plc.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Compute the impact of deferred tax on retained earnings and advise Lagos Plc on IAS 12 compliance.

The following is the statement of financial position of Lagos Plc as at 31 December, 2013, with its immediate two comparative years.

The management of Lagos Plc is not sure of the impact of IAS 12 (Income Taxes) on its retained earnings as at 31 December, 2013, as well as what the new deferred tax balance will be on migrating to IFRS.

The following information was also available as at the year-end:

Details Value (N’000)
Tax written down value of PPE 40,300
Tax written down value of goodwill 4,300
Tax base of trade receivables 29,800
Tax base of trade payables 13,000

Assume that current tax has been correctly computed in line with the applicable tax laws at 30%.

Required:
Using relevant computations, advise the management of Lagos Plc on the impact of deferred tax calculated on retained earnings in accordance with IAS 12.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q6 – Associates and Joint Ventures (IAS 28)

Discuss equity accounting for investment, accounting for deferred tax, and calculate the recoverable amount of equipment.

Awa Publish has just recently acquired 18% of the shareholding in Tunbe, making it the second largest single shareholder. The majority shareholder has 58% voting shares, while the remainder of the shares is held by ten other shareholders, none holding more than 5% voting shares. The board of directors of Tunbe is made up of 12 members, with Awa Publish having 3 members and the majority shareholder having 7 members.

Awa Publish was able to negotiate its representation on the board due to its strategic importance in Tunbe’s operations and expansion plans. The directors of Awa Publish accounted for its investment in Tunbe as an equity investment. The directors feel that Tunbe should not be accounted for as an associate because Awa Publish does not have 20% of the voting interest and thus does not exercise significant influence over Tunbe.

Tunbe has been making losses for the past three years and has only returned a taxable profit once in the last five years. The projection is that Tunbe will return to making taxable profits in another five years. As part of the acquisition of shares in Tunbe, deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences arose. The directors of Awa Publish are unsure how to account for this deferred tax asset.

Awa Publish has an item of equipment that cost N56 million. This item of plant and equipment currently has a carrying amount in the financial statements of N39.2 million. Awa Publish expects the operation of the equipment to generate undiscounted cash flows of N7 million per year for the next five years.

Awa Publish could generate immediate cash flow of N40 million if it sold the equipment today. However, if it did go ahead with the sale, it will have to pay a sales commission of 8.5%. The directors of Awa Publish are performing an annual impairment review and understand that determining the recoverable amount is an important part of this exercise.

Required:

a. Discuss how the investment in Tunbe should be accounted for in the financial statements of Awa Publish. (7 Marks)

b. Advise the directors of Awa Publish how the deferred tax asset that has arisen should be accounted for. (7 Marks)

c. Assist the directors of Awa Publish to determine the recoverable amount of the equipment. You may assume a discount rate of 10% or five-year annuity rate of 3.791, if relevant. (6 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q5 – Leases (IFRS 16)

Discuss lease classification, loan liability derecognition under IFRS 9, and tax offsetting rules under IAS 12.

Muzana Limited owns tractors used for farming purposes and sometimes enters into lease arrangements with other agricultural companies. A particular tractor when leased out by Muzana is for 8 years. The useful economic life of each tractor is estimated at 10 years while the fair value of each tractor is estimated at N26 million. The present value of minimum lease payments in the lease arrangement is N28 million. Lease payments are made to Muzana by the lessee on a monthly basis and has a purchase option at the end of the lease term to acquire the machine for N2.2 million. A similar fairly used machine in the market will cost the buyer N2.5 million. Following the transition to IFRS 16, the management of Muzana have classified this lease as an operating lease in its year-end financial statements.

In order to expand its operations, Muzana accessed the Agricultural Loan Credit Programme set up by the government of Nigeria. In the year 2016, Muzana was granted a 5-year interest free loan of N100 million. At year end September 30, 2019, Muzana had been able to set aside N100 million in a special trust to be used for no other purpose than to pay off the loan in full on its due date in 2020. The management of Muzana are currently preparing their year-end 2019 financial statements and have derecognised the loan liability due to the fact that funds have been set aside in full to satisfy the loan payment in 2020.

Muzana Limited have just concluded a meeting with its tax consultant. The amounts due to the state tax authorities in the current year is N2.3 million. Muzana also has a tax credit of N1.8 million due from the Federal government in the current year. The tax consultant has advised Muzana that these amounts can be offset in their year-end financial statements to show only a tax liability of N500,000.

Required: a. Explain how the lease arrangement should be classified in Muzana‘s 2018 year-end financial statements? (7 Marks) b. Advise the management of Muzana, based on IFRS 9 derecognition rules, if the loan liability can be recognised in their year-end September 30, 2019 financial statements. (7 Marks) c. Explain if the advise provided by the tax consultant is consistent with the offsetting rules under IAS 12 Income Taxes? (6 Marks)

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CR – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q5b – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Compute deferred tax provision and charge for Tola Plc. as of December 31, 2017.

The following information relates to Tola Plc. as at December 31, 2017:

Description Carrying Amount (N) Tax Base (N)
Plant and equipment 250,000 218,750
Receivables:
Trade receivables 62,500 68,750
Interest receivable 1,250 0
Payables:
Fine 12,500 0
Interest payable 2,500 0

Further information:

  1. The trade receivables balance includes balances of N68,750 less a specific doubtful debt provision of N6,250.
  2. Deferred tax balance as of January 1, 2017, was N1,500.
  3. Interest is taxed on a cash basis.
  4. Doubtful debt allowances are not tax-deductible; receivables are only deductible upon a court order.
  5. Fines are non-deductible for tax purposes.
  6. The tax rate for 2017 is 30%, with an anticipated rise to 36% in 2018.

Required:

Compute the deferred tax provision required as of December 31, 2017, and the charge to profit or loss for the period in accordance with IAS 12 – Income Taxes.
(11 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Accounting for Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Calculate Shakara Limited's income tax liability, deferred tax balance, and movement of deferred tax.

Shakara Limited was incorporated on January 1, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the company made a profit before taxation of N18,150,000.

The following capital expenditure were made during the year:

Expenditure N’000
Plant and machinery 7,200
Motor vehicles 1,800

The depreciation charged for the year amounted to N1,650,000, and capital allowance granted by the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS) for the same period amounted to N2,250,000.

Company income tax rate is 30%, and deferred tax liability brought forward was N1,200,000.

Required:
i. Calculate the company income tax liability for the year ended December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

ii. Calculate the deferred tax balance that should be disclosed in the statement of financial position of Shakara Limited as at December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

iii. Prepare notes showing the movement of deferred tax charged to profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5a – Accounting for Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Define deferred tax, permanent differences, and temporary differences per IAS 12.

Explain the following terms in accordance with IAS 12 – Income tax.
i. Deferred tax
ii. Permanent differences
iii. Temporary differences

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CR – May 2016 – L3 – Q3 – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Discuss and account for deferred taxation arising from temporary differences using IAS 12 for Limelight Plc.

Limelight, a public limited company, is a major player in commodity brokerage and supplies. The following transactions relate to the year ended December 31, 2014.

Profit before taxation for the year was ₦487.5m. Taxable profit for the same period was ₦131.25m.

The balances of non-current assets of the company, at December 31, 2014:

N’000 Amount
Accounting carrying amount 937,500
Tax written down value 637,500

The balances above do not include a freehold building purchased in February 2014 for ₦750m. This building was revalued to ₦985m on December 31, 2014.

Accrued rental income on investment property at December 31, 2014, amounted to ₦9.75m. This income was credited to the statement of profit or loss as at year-end but was not received until three months after. Rental income is taxed by the Federal Inland Revenue Service on an actual basis when it is received.

No other temporary differences exist at December 31, 2014. Income tax and Withholding taxes on rental income are paid at 30% and 10% respectively, six months after the year.

Required:

a) Discuss the conceptual basis for the recognition of deferred taxation by Limelight Plc using the temporary difference approach in accordance with IAS 12, arising from the above transactions.

b (i) Outline how the above transactions should be accounted for using journal entries where appropriate.

b (ii) Calculate the provision for deferred tax after any necessary adjustments to the financial statements at December 31, 2014, and use journal entries.

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CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q3a – Impairment of Assets (IAS 36)

Discuss why FRCN should focus on impairment of non-financial and deferred tax assets during economic recession.

The economic environment in the country has been very harsh, and it is now common knowledge that the economy is in a recession. This downturn impacts the income-generating capacity of companies, particularly in industries experiencing a significant decline in fortunes. Consequently, financial reporting regulators must closely examine evidence of impairment of assets in financial statements submitted by such companies.

Required:
Discuss briefly the reasons why the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) should focus on the impairment of non-financial assets and deferred tax assets of listed companies in Nigeria during this period of slow economic growth. Also, outline the key areas entities should focus on when accounting for these items.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SC – Q4b – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Evaluate the impact of deferred tax on fair value adjustments for property, plant, and equipment in an acquisition.

On 1 June 2013, Bam Plc acquired Mango Limited for N3,150 million.
The fair value of the identifiable net assets of Mango Limited at this date was N825 million, and N2,550 million and retained earnings and other components of equity were N105 million, respectively. Mango Limited’s share capital was N1,500 million.

The excess of the fair value of the net assets is due to an increase in the value of property, plant, and equipment.

Required:
Evaluate the impact of full deferred tax on the excess of the fair value of the net assets attributable to the increase in the value of property, plant, and equipment of Bam Plc.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Compute the impact of deferred tax on retained earnings and advise Lagos Plc on IAS 12 compliance.

The following is the statement of financial position of Lagos Plc as at 31 December, 2013, with its immediate two comparative years.

The management of Lagos Plc is not sure of the impact of IAS 12 (Income Taxes) on its retained earnings as at 31 December, 2013, as well as what the new deferred tax balance will be on migrating to IFRS.

The following information was also available as at the year-end:

Details Value (N’000)
Tax written down value of PPE 40,300
Tax written down value of goodwill 4,300
Tax base of trade receivables 29,800
Tax base of trade payables 13,000

Assume that current tax has been correctly computed in line with the applicable tax laws at 30%.

Required:
Using relevant computations, advise the management of Lagos Plc on the impact of deferred tax calculated on retained earnings in accordance with IAS 12.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q6 – Associates and Joint Ventures (IAS 28)

Discuss equity accounting for investment, accounting for deferred tax, and calculate the recoverable amount of equipment.

Awa Publish has just recently acquired 18% of the shareholding in Tunbe, making it the second largest single shareholder. The majority shareholder has 58% voting shares, while the remainder of the shares is held by ten other shareholders, none holding more than 5% voting shares. The board of directors of Tunbe is made up of 12 members, with Awa Publish having 3 members and the majority shareholder having 7 members.

Awa Publish was able to negotiate its representation on the board due to its strategic importance in Tunbe’s operations and expansion plans. The directors of Awa Publish accounted for its investment in Tunbe as an equity investment. The directors feel that Tunbe should not be accounted for as an associate because Awa Publish does not have 20% of the voting interest and thus does not exercise significant influence over Tunbe.

Tunbe has been making losses for the past three years and has only returned a taxable profit once in the last five years. The projection is that Tunbe will return to making taxable profits in another five years. As part of the acquisition of shares in Tunbe, deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences arose. The directors of Awa Publish are unsure how to account for this deferred tax asset.

Awa Publish has an item of equipment that cost N56 million. This item of plant and equipment currently has a carrying amount in the financial statements of N39.2 million. Awa Publish expects the operation of the equipment to generate undiscounted cash flows of N7 million per year for the next five years.

Awa Publish could generate immediate cash flow of N40 million if it sold the equipment today. However, if it did go ahead with the sale, it will have to pay a sales commission of 8.5%. The directors of Awa Publish are performing an annual impairment review and understand that determining the recoverable amount is an important part of this exercise.

Required:

a. Discuss how the investment in Tunbe should be accounted for in the financial statements of Awa Publish. (7 Marks)

b. Advise the directors of Awa Publish how the deferred tax asset that has arisen should be accounted for. (7 Marks)

c. Assist the directors of Awa Publish to determine the recoverable amount of the equipment. You may assume a discount rate of 10% or five-year annuity rate of 3.791, if relevant. (6 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q5 – Leases (IFRS 16)

Discuss lease classification, loan liability derecognition under IFRS 9, and tax offsetting rules under IAS 12.

Muzana Limited owns tractors used for farming purposes and sometimes enters into lease arrangements with other agricultural companies. A particular tractor when leased out by Muzana is for 8 years. The useful economic life of each tractor is estimated at 10 years while the fair value of each tractor is estimated at N26 million. The present value of minimum lease payments in the lease arrangement is N28 million. Lease payments are made to Muzana by the lessee on a monthly basis and has a purchase option at the end of the lease term to acquire the machine for N2.2 million. A similar fairly used machine in the market will cost the buyer N2.5 million. Following the transition to IFRS 16, the management of Muzana have classified this lease as an operating lease in its year-end financial statements.

In order to expand its operations, Muzana accessed the Agricultural Loan Credit Programme set up by the government of Nigeria. In the year 2016, Muzana was granted a 5-year interest free loan of N100 million. At year end September 30, 2019, Muzana had been able to set aside N100 million in a special trust to be used for no other purpose than to pay off the loan in full on its due date in 2020. The management of Muzana are currently preparing their year-end 2019 financial statements and have derecognised the loan liability due to the fact that funds have been set aside in full to satisfy the loan payment in 2020.

Muzana Limited have just concluded a meeting with its tax consultant. The amounts due to the state tax authorities in the current year is N2.3 million. Muzana also has a tax credit of N1.8 million due from the Federal government in the current year. The tax consultant has advised Muzana that these amounts can be offset in their year-end financial statements to show only a tax liability of N500,000.

Required: a. Explain how the lease arrangement should be classified in Muzana‘s 2018 year-end financial statements? (7 Marks) b. Advise the management of Muzana, based on IFRS 9 derecognition rules, if the loan liability can be recognised in their year-end September 30, 2019 financial statements. (7 Marks) c. Explain if the advise provided by the tax consultant is consistent with the offsetting rules under IAS 12 Income Taxes? (6 Marks)

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CR – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q5b – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Compute deferred tax provision and charge for Tola Plc. as of December 31, 2017.

The following information relates to Tola Plc. as at December 31, 2017:

Description Carrying Amount (N) Tax Base (N)
Plant and equipment 250,000 218,750
Receivables:
Trade receivables 62,500 68,750
Interest receivable 1,250 0
Payables:
Fine 12,500 0
Interest payable 2,500 0

Further information:

  1. The trade receivables balance includes balances of N68,750 less a specific doubtful debt provision of N6,250.
  2. Deferred tax balance as of January 1, 2017, was N1,500.
  3. Interest is taxed on a cash basis.
  4. Doubtful debt allowances are not tax-deductible; receivables are only deductible upon a court order.
  5. Fines are non-deductible for tax purposes.
  6. The tax rate for 2017 is 30%, with an anticipated rise to 36% in 2018.

Required:

Compute the deferred tax provision required as of December 31, 2017, and the charge to profit or loss for the period in accordance with IAS 12 – Income Taxes.
(11 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Accounting for Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Calculate Shakara Limited's income tax liability, deferred tax balance, and movement of deferred tax.

Shakara Limited was incorporated on January 1, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the company made a profit before taxation of N18,150,000.

The following capital expenditure were made during the year:

Expenditure N’000
Plant and machinery 7,200
Motor vehicles 1,800

The depreciation charged for the year amounted to N1,650,000, and capital allowance granted by the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS) for the same period amounted to N2,250,000.

Company income tax rate is 30%, and deferred tax liability brought forward was N1,200,000.

Required:
i. Calculate the company income tax liability for the year ended December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

ii. Calculate the deferred tax balance that should be disclosed in the statement of financial position of Shakara Limited as at December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

iii. Prepare notes showing the movement of deferred tax charged to profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5a – Accounting for Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Define deferred tax, permanent differences, and temporary differences per IAS 12.

Explain the following terms in accordance with IAS 12 – Income tax.
i. Deferred tax
ii. Permanent differences
iii. Temporary differences

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