Question Tag: Ethics

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5c – Board Independence and Accountability in Corporate Governance

Evaluation of how the governance structure at BOGML affects board independence and accountability.

There are a number of concepts of good corporate governance that every entity, including BOGML, must strive to adhere to.

Required:
Provide an evaluation of how the existing corporate governance structure at BOGML may undermine or compromise the following key concepts of good corporate governance, with particular reference to the current composition and organisation of the board.

i) Independence
ii) Responsibility and accountability

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Evaluate the role of the board in corporate governance, focusing on responsibilities for strategy, oversight, and ethical leadership.

The role of the board of directors is critical in corporate governance. The National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana (the National Code) issued in November 2022 outlines the board’s core responsibilities.

Required:

Advise the board of BOGML on the FIVE key responsibilities of the board of directors as outlined in the National Code.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Identify and explain the five governance pillars in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022.

It is evident that all is not well with the current corporate governance at BOGML. However, for the company to achieve sustainable growth and remain competitive, it must adhere to sound corporate governance principles.

Required:

Using the FIVE governance pillars identified in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022 (the National Code), issued in November 2022 by the Institute of Directors-Ghana, advise the company on how to improve upon its current governance structure.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Financial Performance & Digital Technology Integration

Evaluating the financial performance of Nsawkaw PLC and addressing challenges of digital technology integration in accounting.

(a) Compute the following ratios for the years ended 2024 & 2023:
i) Operating profit margin
ii) Return on parent’s equity
iii) Earnings per share
iv) Current ratio
v) Trade receivables days
vi) Total liabilities to total assets %

(b) Write a report to the directors of DPEF evaluating the inter-period financial performance and position of NK using the above six (6) ratios. The report should draw attention to how the non-financial metrics combine with the financial counterparts to showcase the prospects and viability of NK.                                                                      c) The concept of double materiality is relevant to sustainability impacts and dependencies. It
incorporates financial materiality and impact materiality. 

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1a – Ethical Issues in Audit Engagements

Ethical issues and professional conduct in an audit engagement involving conflict of interest.

You are the Audit Partner of a mid-sized audit firm, Amoah Sonko and Associates. One of your major clients, Kudi LTD (Kudi), has approached you for a significant audit engagement. Kudi has been experiencing rapid growth and plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market within the next year. During preliminary discussions, the Managing Director of Kudi, a friend, promised you a bonus if the audit report is completed quickly and is favourable, highlighting the company’s strengths.

In the course of the audit of Kudi, you came across a series of unusual financial transactions. These included large intercompany loans with its sister companies, other significant related-party transactions with the directors, and an unusually high volume of sales recorded a few days before the end of the financial year. Upon further investigation, your team found discrepancies in inventory records and evidence of potential non-compliance with revenue recognition standards. The Finance Manager insists these transactions are legitimate and necessary for the company’s rapid growth.

Additionally, you noticed that Kudi was involved in a high-profile legal battle with a major competitor, which was not fully disclosed in the financial statements. The lawyer for Kudi insists that you omit this information from the audit report, arguing it would damage the company’s reputation and its plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market.

Required:
i) Identify TWO potential ethical issues in the scenario and explain the potential impact on your professional conduct.                      ii) Identify the steps you should take to address the conflict of interest presented by the Managing Director’s offer. 
iii) Discuss the potential sanctions for accepting the Managing Director’s offer and providing a favourable audit report without proper verification. 
iv) Evaluate the impact of the undisclosed legal battle on Kudi LTD’s financial statements and the upcoming initial public offer.

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MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2b – Ethical Standards in Business

Explanation of the need for ethical standards in business with reference to threats to ethical behavior.

According to the IESBA Handbook of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2024 Edition, a distinguishing mark of the accountancy profession is its acceptance of the responsibility to act in the public interest and uphold ethical standards.

Required:

Explain the need for ethical standards in business (make reference to threats to ethical behavior).

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FR – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Ethical Issues in Government Grants

Identification of ethical issues in recording a government grant and recommended corrective actions.

Dahn is a Chartered Accountant who works for a large Pharmaceutical Company, Nimely Company Ltd (Nimely), as an Assistant Financial Controller. The Financial Controller of Nimely is also a Chartered Accountant with more than ten years of experience.

During the year, Nimely received a vehicle worth GH¢800,000 from the government to support its operations. According to the Government Official who presented the vehicle to the management of Nimely, the company has been compliant in filing and paying its taxes.

At the year-end, the Financial Controller passed the following entry in the Tally Software of Nimely Company Ltd:

Dr Vehicle GH¢800,000
Cr Income GH¢800,000

Dahn explained to the Financial Controller that the grant should be treated in line with the provisions of IAS 20: Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. It is the company’s policy that such grants should be treated as deferred income.

The Financial Controller agreed that the treatment should have been in line with IAS 20, but mentioned that the entries should not be changed since the current treatment may help them meet their profit targets.

It is Nimely’s policy to depreciate its vehicles at a rate of 25% per annum on a straight-line basis.

Required:

i) Identify the ethical issues involved.
ii) Recommend the appropriate actions to be taken by Dahn.

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FM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Ethical Issues in Financial Management

Discuss four ethical issues in financial management and their impact on decision-making.

Finance Managers often encounter decisions that affect the organisation’s financial health and reflect its commitment to ethical standards. Balancing profitability with ethical considerations can be challenging, yet it is essential for sustaining long-term success and protecting an organisation’s reputation.

Required:
Discuss FOUR ethical issues in financial management.

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AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q2a – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Discuss the importance of ethical guidance for accountants in addressing money laundering concerns.

(a) Comment on the need for ethical guidance for accountants on money laundering.
(5 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Explain the concepts of creative accounting and window dressing, provide examples, reasons, and suggest preventive measures.

Manipulation of reporting entities book’s and records have been termed in many quarters as “Creative Accounting” and “Window Dressing”. The Management of Wastage Plc requires clarification of these two concepts.

Write a report to the management of Wastage Plc that includes:
a. Definitions of Creative Accounting and Window Dressing. (2 Marks)
b. Five examples of each concept. (5 Marks)
c. Three possible reasons for Creative Accounting and Window Dressing. (3 Marks)
d. Advice to management on five possible preventive measures of Creative Accounting. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Clarify the relationship between ethics and law, explain moral dilemmas, and critique consequentialist theories of ethics.

As a professional accountant, it is important that you are ethical in carrying out your professional responsibilities. This requires, among other qualities, a good ethical foundation consisting of a clear understanding of what ethics is all about.

You are required to:
a. Clarify the relationship between ethics and law. (3 Marks)
b. With the aid of an appropriate example, explain the nature of a moral dilemma. (5 Marks)
c. Present a critique of consequentialist theories of ethics in relation to TWO of its general criticisms and the profit-making objective in business. (12 Marks)

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PSAF – May 2018 – L2 – Q7 – Ethics and Integrity in Public Sector Financial Management

Explains conditions enhancing accountability in the public sector and principles guiding fiscal transparency.

One major role of government (Federal, State, or Local) is to ensure probity and accountability in all its functions.

Required:

a. Explain FOUR conditions that could enhance the promotion of accountability in the public sector. (5 Marks)

b. Identify and explain FOUR principles guiding the code of good practices on fiscal transparency. (10 Marks)

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TAX – May 2021 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Ethical Issues in Tax Practice

Objective question about when a tax practitioner might face a conflict of interest in a professional activity.

When undertaking a professional activity, a tax practitioner may be faced with a conflict of interest when he:
A. Undertakes a professional service for a group of companies as per his brief
B. Undertakes a professional service for a new client
C. Undertakes a professional activity relating to a particular matter for two or more clients whose interests with respect to that matter are in conflict
D. Refuses to undertake a professional activity relating to a particular matter for two or more clients whose interests with respect to that matter are in conflict
E. Undertakes a professional activity relating to separate and distinct services for two different clients

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Discuss ethical considerations for accountants, actions to serve the public interest, and the nature and purpose of a corporate code of ethics.

There is an increasing demand on professional accountants to pay close attention to ethical standards as they carry out their professional duties. This requires, among other considerations, that accountants act professionally and in the public interest. They are also expected to abide by the code of ethics of their profession and the corporate code of ethics of the organization in which they work.

Required:

a. Discuss the ethical considerations a professional accountant should attend to in the discharge of professional duties. (6 Marks)

b. What specific actions are you expected to take in order to serve the public interest? (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the nature and purpose of corporate code of ethics. (9 Marks)

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BMF – Nov 2014 – L1 – SA – Q10 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identifies the field that ethics as a science belongs to.

Ethics is a science of
A. Religion
B. Philosophy
C. Psychology
D. Physiology
E. Morals

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BMF – Nov 2014 – L1 – SA – Q2 – Nature of Business, Types, and Objectives

Identifies the inappropriate social objective for a business.

Which of the following should NOT be the social objective of a business organisation?

A. Pay tax as at when due
B. Obey laws enacted by the National Assembly
C. Keep clean environment
D. Encourage tax avoidance
E. Encourage tax evasion

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BMF – May 2015 – L1 – SA – Q5 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

This question tests knowledge of ethical theories, specifically focusing on one that prioritizes self-interest as the basis for human conduct.

Which of the following ethical theories expresses the view that human conduct should be based exclusively on self-interest?

A. Normative ethics
B. Applied ethics
C. Ethical egoism
D. Ethics of duty
E. Virtue ethics

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BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q11 – Basics of Business Finance and Financial Markets

Identifying the philosopher who propounded the virtue ethics theory.

The virtue ethics theory was propounded by:
A. Immanuel Kant
B. Aristotle
C. Socrates
D. Plato
E. Hegel

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BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q2 – Nature of Business, Types, and Objectives

Identifying what should not be an objective of a business organization.

Which of the following should NOT be the objective of a business organisation?
A. Pay tax as at when due
B. Obey laws enacted by the National Assembly
C. Keep clean environment
D. Encourage tax avoidance
E. Encourage tax evasion

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Culture and Strategy

Advise management trainees on the role of culture in organizations and analyze stakeholder theory with underpinning considerations.

a) In an attempt to establish the link between culture and ethics as well as between culture and social responsibility, advise a set of management trainees on:
i. The role of culture in an organization or company. (2 Marks)
ii. Outline any FOUR of the SIX inter-related elements of culture suggested by Johnson and Scholes in their idea of the cultural context of ethics. (8 Marks)

b) Since business entities operate within society, the professional accountant is required to know the theories on the responsibilities of a business entity towards the society in which it operates.
Analyse the stakeholder theory of corporate governance and advise on any TWO considerations underpinning this theory. (5 Marks)

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