Question Tag: Ethics

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5c – Board Independence and Accountability in Corporate Governance

Evaluation of how the governance structure at BOGML affects board independence and accountability.

There are a number of concepts of good corporate governance that every entity, including BOGML, must strive to adhere to.

Required:
Provide an evaluation of how the existing corporate governance structure at BOGML may undermine or compromise the following key concepts of good corporate governance, with particular reference to the current composition and organisation of the board.

i) Independence
ii) Responsibility and accountability

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Evaluate the role of the board in corporate governance, focusing on responsibilities for strategy, oversight, and ethical leadership.

The role of the board of directors is critical in corporate governance. The National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana (the National Code) issued in November 2022 outlines the board’s core responsibilities.

Required:

Advise the board of BOGML on the FIVE key responsibilities of the board of directors as outlined in the National Code.

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Identify and explain the five governance pillars in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022.

It is evident that all is not well with the current corporate governance at BOGML. However, for the company to achieve sustainable growth and remain competitive, it must adhere to sound corporate governance principles.

Required:

Using the FIVE governance pillars identified in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022 (the National Code), issued in November 2022 by the Institute of Directors-Ghana, advise the company on how to improve upon its current governance structure.

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  • 14 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Financial Performance & Digital Technology Integration

Evaluating the financial performance of Nsawkaw PLC and addressing challenges of digital technology integration in accounting.

(a) Compute the following ratios for the years ended 2024 & 2023:
i) Operating profit margin
ii) Return on parent’s equity
iii) Earnings per share
iv) Current ratio
v) Trade receivables days
vi) Total liabilities to total assets %

(b) Write a report to the directors of DPEF evaluating the inter-period financial performance and position of NK using the above six (6) ratios. The report should draw attention to how the non-financial metrics combine with the financial counterparts to showcase the prospects and viability of NK.                                                                      c) The concept of double materiality is relevant to sustainability impacts and dependencies. It
incorporates financial materiality and impact materiality. 

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1a – Ethical Issues in Audit Engagements

Ethical issues and professional conduct in an audit engagement involving conflict of interest.

You are the Audit Partner of a mid-sized audit firm, Amoah Sonko and Associates. One of your major clients, Kudi LTD (Kudi), has approached you for a significant audit engagement. Kudi has been experiencing rapid growth and plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market within the next year. During preliminary discussions, the Managing Director of Kudi, a friend, promised you a bonus if the audit report is completed quickly and is favourable, highlighting the company’s strengths.

In the course of the audit of Kudi, you came across a series of unusual financial transactions. These included large intercompany loans with its sister companies, other significant related-party transactions with the directors, and an unusually high volume of sales recorded a few days before the end of the financial year. Upon further investigation, your team found discrepancies in inventory records and evidence of potential non-compliance with revenue recognition standards. The Finance Manager insists these transactions are legitimate and necessary for the company’s rapid growth.

Additionally, you noticed that Kudi was involved in a high-profile legal battle with a major competitor, which was not fully disclosed in the financial statements. The lawyer for Kudi insists that you omit this information from the audit report, arguing it would damage the company’s reputation and its plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market.

Required:
i) Identify TWO potential ethical issues in the scenario and explain the potential impact on your professional conduct.                      ii) Identify the steps you should take to address the conflict of interest presented by the Managing Director’s offer. 
iii) Discuss the potential sanctions for accepting the Managing Director’s offer and providing a favourable audit report without proper verification. 
iv) Evaluate the impact of the undisclosed legal battle on Kudi LTD’s financial statements and the upcoming initial public offer.

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  • 5 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2b – Ethical Standards in Business

Explanation of the need for ethical standards in business with reference to threats to ethical behavior.

According to the IESBA Handbook of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2024 Edition, a distinguishing mark of the accountancy profession is its acceptance of the responsibility to act in the public interest and uphold ethical standards.

Required:

Explain the need for ethical standards in business (make reference to threats to ethical behavior).

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  • 5 Marks

FR – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Ethical Issues in Government Grants

Identification of ethical issues in recording a government grant and recommended corrective actions.

Dahn is a Chartered Accountant who works for a large Pharmaceutical Company, Nimely Company Ltd (Nimely), as an Assistant Financial Controller. The Financial Controller of Nimely is also a Chartered Accountant with more than ten years of experience.

During the year, Nimely received a vehicle worth GH¢800,000 from the government to support its operations. According to the Government Official who presented the vehicle to the management of Nimely, the company has been compliant in filing and paying its taxes.

At the year-end, the Financial Controller passed the following entry in the Tally Software of Nimely Company Ltd:

Dr Vehicle GH¢800,000
Cr Income GH¢800,000

Dahn explained to the Financial Controller that the grant should be treated in line with the provisions of IAS 20: Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. It is the company’s policy that such grants should be treated as deferred income.

The Financial Controller agreed that the treatment should have been in line with IAS 20, but mentioned that the entries should not be changed since the current treatment may help them meet their profit targets.

It is Nimely’s policy to depreciate its vehicles at a rate of 25% per annum on a straight-line basis.

Required:

i) Identify the ethical issues involved.
ii) Recommend the appropriate actions to be taken by Dahn.

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  • 6 Marks

FM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Ethical Issues in Financial Management

Discuss four ethical issues in financial management and their impact on decision-making.

Finance Managers often encounter decisions that affect the organisation’s financial health and reflect its commitment to ethical standards. Balancing profitability with ethical considerations can be challenging, yet it is essential for sustaining long-term success and protecting an organisation’s reputation.

Required:
Discuss FOUR ethical issues in financial management.

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  • 5 Marks

AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q2a – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Discuss the importance of ethical guidance for accountants in addressing money laundering concerns.

(a) Comment on the need for ethical guidance for accountants on money laundering.
(5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Explain the concepts of creative accounting and window dressing, provide examples, reasons, and suggest preventive measures.

Manipulation of reporting entities book’s and records have been termed in many quarters as “Creative Accounting” and “Window Dressing”. The Management of Wastage Plc requires clarification of these two concepts.

Write a report to the management of Wastage Plc that includes:
a. Definitions of Creative Accounting and Window Dressing. (2 Marks)
b. Five examples of each concept. (5 Marks)
c. Three possible reasons for Creative Accounting and Window Dressing. (3 Marks)
d. Advice to management on five possible preventive measures of Creative Accounting. (5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – May 2021 – L2 – Q6 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Explanation of auditor independence threats, including fees, financial interest, contingent fees, and personal relationships.

Wakaso Nigeria Limited has experienced serious labour turnover which has affected the business of the company in the last twelve months. The most frustrating issue was the resignation of a well-tested Financial Controller of the company close to year-end. Wakaso management is noted for timely financial reporting and rendering of tax returns due to the efficiency and effectiveness of the Financial Controller who was also involved in the preparation of tax computations. The company has been finding it difficult to quickly recruit a new Financial Controller that will match the technical ability of the former accountant. The Managing Director of the company has invited the company’s external auditors to a meeting, intimating them of the plan to employ their services to complete the write-up of the books of accounts and management account pending when they employ a good chartered accountant to handle the financial operations of the company.

The company’s management, in order to ensure timely reporting, has also informed the auditors that to save time and meet cost of operations, the firm’s staff will be accommodated in a five-star hotel with a mouth-watering offer of payment in lieu of feeding as recommended by the audit partner. In addition, the previous year’s audit fee will be doubled and an additional twenty percent payment made if the management accounts and audit work could be completed within three weeks.

The partner of the firm has rejected the offers on the grounds of possible threat to independence. The Managing Director complained to you, as his brother, lamenting that accountants are not good businessmen and uncooperative.

Required:

Discuss the following:

a. Meaning of threats to independence (2 Marks)
b. In relation to independence of auditors:
i. Fees and pricing (4 Marks)
ii. Financial interest (4 Marks)
iii. Contingent fees (2 Marks)
iv. Family and personal relationship (4 Marks)
c. The reasons why the preparation of accounting records and management accounts constitutes a threat to the independence of the auditors. (4 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

BL – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Business Ethics and Corporate Governance

Objective question testing knowledge on moral persuasion in guiding acceptable conduct.

6. A moral persuasion against wrongdoing or unacceptable conduct is
A. Ethics
B. Laws
C. Rules
D. Regulations
E. Morals

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – May 2024 – L2 – SA – Q4 – Ethical Issues in Corporate Governance

Assess ethical considerations in addressing a workplace theft scenario

You work at a company that produces table water and you know that a colleague, in connivance with one of the company’s drivers, steals packs of water from the store and sells them to customers. You are unsure whether to ignore the ongoing theft or report it to your boss.

Required:

a. Identify the technical term for your current situation in the scenario and briefly explain the term. (3 Marks)

b. Explain the consequential and non-consequential theories of ethics and specify how these can be applied in decision-making within the context of the presented scenario. (6 Marks)

c. What is the technical term for the decision to inform your boss about the theft, and what considerations should you take before making this decision based on the underlying theory? (11 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

BMF – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q11 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identify the term for reporting suspicions of illegal or improper behavior.

Reporting suspicions of illegal or improper behavior to a person in authority is termed:
A. Business ethics
B.
C.
D.
E. Whistle blowing

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2022 – L2 – SC – Q7 – Business Ethics and Corporate Governance

Explain personal, business, and professional ethics, and describe Kohlberg’s stages of moral development.

a. All accountants are expected to act ethically in the discharge of their respective duties. In light of this, evaluate the following concepts as they apply to professional accountancy practice:

  • i. Personal Ethics (1 Mark)
  • ii. Business Ethics (1 Mark)
  • iii. Professional Ethics (1 Mark)

b. With the aid of a clear example, explain the term “ethical/moral dilemma.” (2 Marks)

c. Explain Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. (10 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q2 – Ethics and Integrity in Public Sector Financial Management

Discuss measures needed for anti-corruption enforcement and ways to detect bid rigging.

Transparency International is committed to advancing accountability, integrity, and transparency. The mission is to stop corruption and promote transparency, accountability, and integrity at all levels and across all sectors of society, while the vision is a world in which government, politics, business, civil society, and the daily lives of people are free of corruption.

Required:
a. Discuss FIVE measures that are needed to ensure transparent, effective, and consistent application and enforcement of laws and regulations on anti-corruption. (10 Marks)
b. Explain TWO ways by which procurement officers can detect bid rigging. (5 Marks)
c. Explain FIVE powers of the Code of Conduct Bureau. (5 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

CSME – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2c – Corporate Governance

Discuss any five corporate governance issues related to corporate responsibility.

Discuss any FIVE corporate governance issues.

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  • 7 Marks

CSME – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q6C – Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Discuss briefly the concept of 'acting in the public interest'.

The ICAN Professional Code of Conduct and Guide for Members requires every member or student of the Institute to always “act professionally” and in “the public interest” in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Required:

Discuss briefly „acting in the public interest‟.

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  • 6 Marks

CSME – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q6b – Corporate Governance

Discuss the behavioral attributes that will enable an ICAN student to act professionally.

The ICAN Professional Code of Conduct and Guide for Members requires every member or student of the Institute to always “act professionally” and in “the public interest” in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Required:

Discuss the behavioural attributes that will enable an ICAN student to act professionally.

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  • 1 Marks

CSME – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q6a – Ethics in Business

Explain the term "act professionally" in accordance with the ICAN code.

The ICAN Professional Code of Conduct and Guide for Members requires every member or student of the Institute to always “act professionally” and in “the public interest” in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Required:
a. Explain “act professionally” in relation to the ICAN code. (1 Mark)

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