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ITA – APR 2023 – L1 – Q2 – Accounting Terms and Financial Statements Components

Write short notes on key accounting terms and explain the five components of financial statements.

(a) Write Short notes on the following: i. Purchases ii. Sales iii. Drawings iv. Capital Expenditure v. Revenue Expenditure (10 marks) (b) Briefly explain the five components of the financial statements. (10 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

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STP – Aug 2012 – L3 – Q2 – Partnership Taxation

Compute chargeable income and tax payable for partners Nancy and Bouncy for 2010.

Nancy and Bouncy are equal partners in a hairdo practice. Partnership profit agreed with the GRA for year 2010 is GHc12,000.
a). Records however indicate that partnership profit was net of:

  1. Drawings of GHc600 each monthly period by Nancy and Bouncy;
  2. Household allowance of GHc150 per month paid by the partnership to each partner;
  3. Salary for each partner paid during the period was GHc200 p.m. on which a withholding tax of GHC per month is paid to the GRA;
    b). Nancy failed to account for GHc1,500 which she was to use to purchase driers for the saloon.
    c). To reciprocate Nancy’s gesture, Bouncy also withdrew GHc1,800 on the pretext of buying flyers for the saloon. She failed to account for the flyers or the amount. It has been agreed that they all should treat the amounts b) and c) above as exceptional drawings from the business.

Required:
Compute the chargeable income and tax payable by each partner for the 2010 year of assessment.
Hint:
Short formula for computing an individual’s annual tax payable for year 2010 is:
Tax = T + (Y – 16,200) × 25%, where
Tax = Total tax payable per annum on annual income earnings
T = tax paid on GH16,200.00 being part of the earnings which is GHC2,574.60
Y = Annual income earned.

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FA – May 2013 – L1 – SA – Q31 – Double Entry Accounting Principles

This question asks for the double-entry accounting treatment for goods taken from inventory for personal use by the sole trader.

A sole trader took some goods costing N1,000 from inventory for his own use. The normal selling price of the goods is N2,500. What are the double-entry postings required?

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FA – May 2018 – L1 – SA – Q13 – Partnership Accounts

Identifies the correct double entry for partners' drawings in a partnership account.

The double entry for partners’ drawings is to:
A. Debit appropriation account and credit drawings account
B. Debit partners’ current accounts and credit cash account
C. Debit cash account and credit appropriation account
D. Debit partners’ current accounts and credit appropriation account
E. Debit appropriation account and credit cash account

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FA – May 2022 – L1 – SA – Q2 – Recording Financial Transactions (Including Source Documents, Books of Prime Entry, and Cash Books)

Identify the correct posting when a proprietor withdraws cash from a business for private use.

When a proprietor of a business withdraws cash from the organization for private use, the proper postings are:

DR CR
A. Cash account Drawings account
B. Drawings account Capital account
C. Bank account Drawings account
D. Drawings account Cash account
E. Bank account Cash account

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FA – Nov 2022 – L1 – SA – Q17 – Accounting from Incomplete Records

Calculate the profit based on the opening and closing capital and drawings.

A business proprietor failed to maintain proper records, but you managed to ascertain that his opening capital, closing capital, and drawings during the year were N225,000, N260,000, and N10,000 respectively. Determine the profit for the period.
A. N25,000
B. N45,000
C. N55,000
D. N65,000
E. N75,000

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FA – May 2021 – L1 – SA – Q10 – Recording Financial Transactions (Including Source Documents, Books of Prime Entry, and Cash Books)

Calculate the profit for the year using opening and closing capital with drawings.

A business proprietor failed to maintain proper records, but you managed to ascertain that his opening capital, closing capital, and drawings during the year were ₦225,000, ₦260,000, and ₦10,000 respectively.
How much will be the profit during the period?
A. ₦45,000
B. ₦50,000
C. ₦270,000
D. ₦485,000
E. ₦495,000

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FA – May 2017 – L1 – SA – Q14 – Accounting from Incomplete Records

Calculates profit or loss for a sole trader based on capital and drawings.

The following information is obtained from the books of a sole trader:
(i) Opening capital as at January 1, 2015 N300,000
(ii) Closing capital as at December 31, 2015 N65,000
(iii) Additional capital introduced during 2015 N120,000
(iv) Cash withdrawn during 2015 N320,000

Calculate the profit or loss during the period.

A. N285,000 loss
B. N35,000 loss
C. N35,000 profit
D. N225,000 profit
E. N522,500 profit

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FA – May 2016 – L1 – SB – Q5 – Accounting from Incomplete Records

Calculate profit or loss and prepare the statement of financial position for Mr. Mala's bookshop using incomplete records.

Mr. Mala, the proprietor of a small bookshop, has requested you to prepare his accounts. He did not keep complete records of account. From his passbook, notebook, bank statements, and oral information obtained during a meeting with him, you put together the following figures for the year ended December 31, 2015:

Item January 1, 2015 (N’000) December 31, 2015 (N’000)
Cash in hand 400 890
Bank overdraft 18,000 14,000
Furniture & Fittings 2,000 2,000
Delivery van 3,600 3,600
Inventories 20,400 22,400
Trade receivables 12,400 9,800
Trade payables 9,120 8,400
Bills payables 2,210 2,200
Bills receivables 3,100 3,200

During the year, Mr. Mala used part of the inventories for domestic affairs which was agreed at N1,200,000. He drew cash for private expenses at frequent intervals. He estimated his drawing in cash at N2,800,000 for the year.

He also agreed with the following suggestions:

  1. To write off irrecoverable debts of N300,000 owed by a customer who died in May 2015.
  2. To charge a notional rent of N1,000,000 per annum for the shop premises owned by him.
  3. To allow 15 percent per annum depreciation on furniture and fittings and 20 percent per annum on the delivery van.

Required:

a. Ascertain Mr. Mala’s bookshop’s profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2015. (8 Marks)

b. Prepare the statement of financial position of the bookshop at December 31, 2015. (12 Marks)

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FA – May 2016 – L1 – SA – Q4 – Financial Statements Preparation

A question regarding the net assets of a sole trader after considering profit, drawings, and additional capital.

Ajonibode runs a business as a sole trader and the following information relates to the business:
On January 1, 2015, the net assets of the business were N1,675,000. During the year to December 31, 2015, the business made a profit of N625,000 and Ajonibode took out N550,000 in drawings. Due to a shortage of cash, he paid in additional capital of N100,000 in early December 2015.
What are the net assets of the business as of December 31, 2015?
A. N1,675,000
B. N1,850,000
C. N2,300,000
D. N2,400,000
E. N2,950,000

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ITA – APR 2023 – L1 – Q2 – Accounting Terms and Financial Statements Components

Write short notes on key accounting terms and explain the five components of financial statements.

(a) Write Short notes on the following: i. Purchases ii. Sales iii. Drawings iv. Capital Expenditure v. Revenue Expenditure (10 marks) (b) Briefly explain the five components of the financial statements. (10 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

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STP – Aug 2012 – L3 – Q2 – Partnership Taxation

Compute chargeable income and tax payable for partners Nancy and Bouncy for 2010.

Nancy and Bouncy are equal partners in a hairdo practice. Partnership profit agreed with the GRA for year 2010 is GHc12,000.
a). Records however indicate that partnership profit was net of:

  1. Drawings of GHc600 each monthly period by Nancy and Bouncy;
  2. Household allowance of GHc150 per month paid by the partnership to each partner;
  3. Salary for each partner paid during the period was GHc200 p.m. on which a withholding tax of GHC per month is paid to the GRA;
    b). Nancy failed to account for GHc1,500 which she was to use to purchase driers for the saloon.
    c). To reciprocate Nancy’s gesture, Bouncy also withdrew GHc1,800 on the pretext of buying flyers for the saloon. She failed to account for the flyers or the amount. It has been agreed that they all should treat the amounts b) and c) above as exceptional drawings from the business.

Required:
Compute the chargeable income and tax payable by each partner for the 2010 year of assessment.
Hint:
Short formula for computing an individual’s annual tax payable for year 2010 is:
Tax = T + (Y – 16,200) × 25%, where
Tax = Total tax payable per annum on annual income earnings
T = tax paid on GH16,200.00 being part of the earnings which is GHC2,574.60
Y = Annual income earned.

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FA – May 2013 – L1 – SA – Q31 – Double Entry Accounting Principles

This question asks for the double-entry accounting treatment for goods taken from inventory for personal use by the sole trader.

A sole trader took some goods costing N1,000 from inventory for his own use. The normal selling price of the goods is N2,500. What are the double-entry postings required?

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FA – May 2018 – L1 – SA – Q13 – Partnership Accounts

Identifies the correct double entry for partners' drawings in a partnership account.

The double entry for partners’ drawings is to:
A. Debit appropriation account and credit drawings account
B. Debit partners’ current accounts and credit cash account
C. Debit cash account and credit appropriation account
D. Debit partners’ current accounts and credit appropriation account
E. Debit appropriation account and credit cash account

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FA – May 2022 – L1 – SA – Q2 – Recording Financial Transactions (Including Source Documents, Books of Prime Entry, and Cash Books)

Identify the correct posting when a proprietor withdraws cash from a business for private use.

When a proprietor of a business withdraws cash from the organization for private use, the proper postings are:

DR CR
A. Cash account Drawings account
B. Drawings account Capital account
C. Bank account Drawings account
D. Drawings account Cash account
E. Bank account Cash account

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FA – Nov 2022 – L1 – SA – Q17 – Accounting from Incomplete Records

Calculate the profit based on the opening and closing capital and drawings.

A business proprietor failed to maintain proper records, but you managed to ascertain that his opening capital, closing capital, and drawings during the year were N225,000, N260,000, and N10,000 respectively. Determine the profit for the period.
A. N25,000
B. N45,000
C. N55,000
D. N65,000
E. N75,000

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FA – May 2021 – L1 – SA – Q10 – Recording Financial Transactions (Including Source Documents, Books of Prime Entry, and Cash Books)

Calculate the profit for the year using opening and closing capital with drawings.

A business proprietor failed to maintain proper records, but you managed to ascertain that his opening capital, closing capital, and drawings during the year were ₦225,000, ₦260,000, and ₦10,000 respectively.
How much will be the profit during the period?
A. ₦45,000
B. ₦50,000
C. ₦270,000
D. ₦485,000
E. ₦495,000

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FA – May 2017 – L1 – SA – Q14 – Accounting from Incomplete Records

Calculates profit or loss for a sole trader based on capital and drawings.

The following information is obtained from the books of a sole trader:
(i) Opening capital as at January 1, 2015 N300,000
(ii) Closing capital as at December 31, 2015 N65,000
(iii) Additional capital introduced during 2015 N120,000
(iv) Cash withdrawn during 2015 N320,000

Calculate the profit or loss during the period.

A. N285,000 loss
B. N35,000 loss
C. N35,000 profit
D. N225,000 profit
E. N522,500 profit

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FA – May 2016 – L1 – SB – Q5 – Accounting from Incomplete Records

Calculate profit or loss and prepare the statement of financial position for Mr. Mala's bookshop using incomplete records.

Mr. Mala, the proprietor of a small bookshop, has requested you to prepare his accounts. He did not keep complete records of account. From his passbook, notebook, bank statements, and oral information obtained during a meeting with him, you put together the following figures for the year ended December 31, 2015:

Item January 1, 2015 (N’000) December 31, 2015 (N’000)
Cash in hand 400 890
Bank overdraft 18,000 14,000
Furniture & Fittings 2,000 2,000
Delivery van 3,600 3,600
Inventories 20,400 22,400
Trade receivables 12,400 9,800
Trade payables 9,120 8,400
Bills payables 2,210 2,200
Bills receivables 3,100 3,200

During the year, Mr. Mala used part of the inventories for domestic affairs which was agreed at N1,200,000. He drew cash for private expenses at frequent intervals. He estimated his drawing in cash at N2,800,000 for the year.

He also agreed with the following suggestions:

  1. To write off irrecoverable debts of N300,000 owed by a customer who died in May 2015.
  2. To charge a notional rent of N1,000,000 per annum for the shop premises owned by him.
  3. To allow 15 percent per annum depreciation on furniture and fittings and 20 percent per annum on the delivery van.

Required:

a. Ascertain Mr. Mala’s bookshop’s profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2015. (8 Marks)

b. Prepare the statement of financial position of the bookshop at December 31, 2015. (12 Marks)

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FA – May 2016 – L1 – SA – Q4 – Financial Statements Preparation

A question regarding the net assets of a sole trader after considering profit, drawings, and additional capital.

Ajonibode runs a business as a sole trader and the following information relates to the business:
On January 1, 2015, the net assets of the business were N1,675,000. During the year to December 31, 2015, the business made a profit of N625,000 and Ajonibode took out N550,000 in drawings. Due to a shortage of cash, he paid in additional capital of N100,000 in early December 2015.
What are the net assets of the business as of December 31, 2015?
A. N1,675,000
B. N1,850,000
C. N2,300,000
D. N2,400,000
E. N2,950,000

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