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PBL – APR 2024 – L1 – Q1 – Negligence in Consumer Product Liability

Advise Yaa Asantewaa on a negligence case against Denice Breweries after she was injured due to kerosene found in a bottle of Denice Ginger Beer.

Yaa Asantewaa bought and drank Denice Ginger Beer manufactured by Denice Breweries. She got injured because kerosene was found in the bottle of the ginger beer. Advise Yaa Asantewaa on a case of negligence against Denice Breweries.

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STP – Feb 2018 – L2 – Q4- Taxation and Operating Strategies

Calculate Honson Plc's tax liability for Kumasi/Accra, advise on Nsawam, and discuss non-tax factors for facility location.

Honson Pic, a UK-based manufacturing company, is planning to build a new processing facility in Ghana. The Chief Executive Officer in a meeting with Management needs to decide whether to cite the facility in Accra or in Kumasi. Market intelligence has no preference for citing the facility either in Kumasi or Accra since information gathered indicate that business activities would largely be same in Kumasi and Accra for the next 10 years.

The following forecast information is relevant for the decision-making process being considered by management.

Kumasi Accra GH¢ GH¢

Required: i. Calculate Hamson Plc’s income tax liability for each proposed location for the first year. ii. Would you advise Hamson Plc to consider citing the facility in Nsawam, taking into consideration the close proximity of Nsawam to Accra? iii. Discuss three (3) non-tax factors that Hamson UK Plc may consider in the decision-making process to locate the facility either in Kumasi, Accra or elsewhere in the country.

b). With reference to the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896) explain the following: i. Private Ruling issued by the Commissioner-General: (2 marks) ii. Conditions under which a Private Ruling will be binding on the Commissioner-General and on the person to whom the Private Ruling is issued.

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STP – Feb 2018 – L2 – Q3 – Tax Administration

Explain categories of tax representatives for companies and local authorities under VAT Act 870, and their responsibilities.

The VAT Act, 2013 (Act 870) accepts that tax consultants may act in a representative capacity for and on behalf of the substantive taxpayer. This provision in the law encourages and accepts the professional development of private tax practitioners but lays down the specific parameters which would qualify such professionals to act as taxpayers’ representatives.

As the Tax Partner for ABC Practice Firm, a new entrant of the firm has approached you with a request to educate him on the types of persons who can act in a representative capacity for an on behalf of the taxpayer.

Required a) With reference to the provisions of Act 870, specify the categories of persons who qualify to be declared by the Commissioner-General as a representative person of: i. a Company; ii. a Local Authority?                                                                              b) What are the responsibilities of the tax representative of a taxable person?

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STP – Feb 2018 – L2 – Q2 – VAT Credit Notes

Explain circumstances for issuing VAT Credit Notes and tax implications for prior period supplies.

a) As a Tax Consultant, you receive a note from Mr. Emilio Ditto, the Managing Director of a company based in the United Kingdom seeking to expand its operations in Africa through the opening of an office in Accra. He is interested in discussing with you details of some aspects of the VAT regime in Ghana particularly, the basic VAT concepts on the following:
(i) Under what circumstances can a VAT-registered person issue a Credit Note to cancel or amend a VAT invoice?
(ii) What are the tax liability implications for a VAT-registered person who issues a Credit Note to a customer for a supply that was made in a previous tax period?

Required:
Provide a brief for Mr. Emilio Ditto giving your responses to the issues raised above, with reference to the VAT Act, 2013 (Act 870) as amended.

b) Under the provisions of the Excise Duty Act, 2014 (Act 878), the Commissioner-General may, based on any information available, make an assessment of the amount of excise duty payable by a person.

Required:
State four (4) different circumstances under which the Commissioner-General may exercise the discretion to make an assessment of the excise duty payable by a person.

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STP – Feb 2018 – L2 – Q1 – Duty Drawback

Explain "drawback" under Customs Act 2015 and circumstances for goods deemed exported for drawback.

a) In recent times the export business community has increasingly expressed concern about the issue of duty drawback management by the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA), particularly undue delays and non-payment of duty drawback claims as accrued over the years.

As an expert tax consultant, you have been invited by the Ghana National Chamber of Commerce for a technical meeting with representatives of the business community on the duty drawback regime.

You are required to prepare a brief paper for discussion at the meeting covering the following areas:

i) An explanation of the term “drawback” as prescribed under the provisions of the Customs Act, 2015 (Act 891), including the two different categories of duty drawback that may be paid by the Commissioner-General.

ii. Under what circumstances will goods be deemed to have been exported for drawback purposes as prescribed under Act 891?

b) Corncob Industries Ltd. a company based in the Central Region of Ghana which processes agricultural products is contemplating diversifying its product lines to take advantage of an identified market potential for a particular maize-based cereal. This will require:

  • Retrofitting one of their production machines which will enhance its value and performance by about 75%.
  • Repairs to the equipment used for packaging the products. This will enhance its value by approximately 10%.
  • Servicing of a component of the sterilization unit which is still under the manufacturer’s warranty.
    Management of the company has concluded discussions with the manufacturer of the machinery, equipment and sterilization unit based in France to undertake the retrofitting, repairs and servicing, if Corncob Industries Ltd. can have the items shipped to their factory in Milan, Italy for the purpose.
    Alternatively, the manufacturer’s technicians may be brought over to Ghana with the necessary materials to undertake the retrofitting and repairs at the factory premises of Corncob Industries Ltd. Management of Corncob Ind. Ltd. is not certain of the Customs implications of shipping the items out to Italy for the works, which will take four weeks and subsequently re-importing the processed items into the country.

Required:
With reference to the Customs Act, 2015 (Act 891), explain to Management of Corncob Industries Ltd. details of the customs procedure for re-importation of goods after outward processing and the related liability to customs duty, with respect to the following issues:
i. condition under which the outward processing procedure may be used.
ii. period for discharge of the outward processing procedure.
iii. import duty liability on the goods when re-imported into Ghana after processing abroad.

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STP – Feb 2007 – L3 – Q4 – Employee Loan Taxation

Advise on tax implications of a $300M loan and bonus for Dr. Ababio, including relevant Tax Act provisions.

(a). Dr. Ababio discusses an engagement she recently accepted with an investment banker with you for advice. She indicates that one of the recruiting inducements that convinced her to accept the position is a $300M loan from her employer. She will receive the loan proceeds on her first day of work and must sign a note to repay the loan plus accrued interest in five equal annual installments.

The employer will forgive any amount of the unpaid debt if Dr. Ababio dies, becomes disabled, or is terminated from employment through no fault of her own. Dr. Ababio’s contract provides that the employer will pay an annual bonus equal to each loan repayment. The contract stipulates that the bonus must be applied to the repayment of her loan.

Required:
i) Advise Dr. Ababio on the implications, if any, of this engagement provisions.
ii) Discuss any three provisions in the Tax Act which will support the position the Commissioner will take in respect of the taxability or otherwise of this engagement provision.

(b). The Free Zone Act declares a 10-year tax holiday for Free Zone Operators. Sweet Entities Inc. desires to set up in the Free Zone enclave but requires an understanding of the practical tax concessions granted to free operators. To this effect, the Tax Director of Sweet Entities Inc. requires that you do a practical presentation of the flow of the corporate tax-exempt concession as extended to the operator. He therefore provides you with the following business forecast for the first 10-year period as follows.
All figures in $M

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Adjusted Profit 10 60 150 500 1,000 1,000 1,000 520 600 620
Capital Allowance 1000 600 300 150 50 20 20 600 340 200

Compute the tax position, if any, of Sweet Entities Inc. for the exempt period.

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STP – Feb 2020 – L2 – Q5 – Anti-Avoidance Provisions

Identify and discuss three anti-avoidance provisions in the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896) and their limitations on tax planning.

Although tax planners have the liberty to devise schemes which reduce the tax liability of their clients, the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896) contains provisions which limit tax planning schemes.

Required:
Identify any three (3) anti-avoidance provisions in Act 896 and discuss how each of these provisions places a limitation on the ability of a person to engage in tax planning.

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STP – Feb 2007 – L3 – Q3 – Venture Capital Taxation

Present tax concessions for Venture Capital Operators compared to traditional banks.

As part of the post qualification requirements of The Chartered Institute of Taxation, you have been invited to do a presentation on the topic “Venture Capital Fund” to a select group of business men, tax professionals, financial institutions and students.

Invitation
Members of the Ghana Institute of Taxation and the Institute of Bankers wish to use this opportunity to strengthen the cordial relationship subsisting between them and have therefore invited you to do a presentation on the tax effects of Venture Capital Operators as compared with that of the traditional financial institutions.

Required:
Please prepare a presentation as required under Invitation above clearly distinguishing between Tax concessions granted to a Venture Capital as compared with the Bank.

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STP – Feb 2007 – L3 – Q2 – Employee Taxation

Outline Ghanaian tax and social security implications for a French employee working in Ghana under a Double Tax Treaty.

Mr. Nor Amid, the Human Capital Resource Person of Amanda Inc, an entity registered in France sends a brief note to you in respect of a duty tour of an employee as follows:
“Amanda is sending an employee to Ghana and I am hoping that you could provide guidance for Amanda. Our understanding is as that:

  • The employee is French and may be kept on the French payroll
  • The employee’s remuneration will be cross charged to Amanda in France and Ghana
  • The employee, according to French Tax Law, will be French for tax purposes
  • The employee will spend 40% or less of his time in France
  • The employee will spend between 40 to 60% of his time in Ghana and whilst in Ghana the employee will be accommodated in hotels, will have free use of car with fuel and free meal.
  • The employee will spend his time in Ghana from 7 to 25 days at a time depending on need.

Would you kindly provide us with a brief outline of the Ghanaian tax and social security implications for Amanda and the employee? Kindly note that Ghana has an operating ‘Double Tax Treaty’ with France.

Required:
(a). Please submit a memo to respond to the concerns raised by Mr. Nor Amid.

(b). Ghana has general tax-avoidance rules in the tax acts. Kindly discuss any three practice methods adopted by the Revenue Agencies to regulate transfer pricing between related parties?

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STP – Feb 2020 – L2 – Q4 – Business Entity Tax Implications

Advise on tax implications of establishing a company, partnership, or sole proprietorship and identify which offers the least tax exposure for an investor.

As a renowned tax consultant, a potential investor in the real estate sector in Ghana is seeking your expert opinion on the tax implications of establishing a company, a partnership or a sole proprietorship and which form of the business organisations gives the least tax exposure for an investor.

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ATP – Aug 2017 – L2 – Q1 – Indirect Taxes

Compute input tax claimable and VAT payable for The Mall Limited for August 2016.

a) The Mall Limited is a company registered under the Companies Act 1963, Act 179 and has been dealing in both taxable and non-taxable supplies. The company has been registered to operate as a VAT registered company. The company’s operations for August 2016 were as follows.

Description GH¢
Total value of taxable supplies 1,451,125
Input Tax on Taxable Supplies 102,000
Input Tax which cannot be attributable directly to Supplies 45,000
Value of Exempt Supplies 300,000
Value of Relief Supplies 65,400

Required: Compute the input tax claimable by The Mall Limited for August 2016 and VAT payable, if any, for the same period.

b). NIMBOLA Limited is a company gazetted by the Commissioner-General of the Ghana Revenue Authority to be under self-assessment tax payment. During the 2016 year of assessment, the estimated Chargeable Income declared by the company was GH¢50,000. However, the actual Chargeable Income declared for the year per the Returns submitted to the Commissioner-General was GH¢80,000.

Required: Calculate (if any) the penalty for underestimation. Assume a statutory Bank of Ghana Discount rate of 25% for the year 2016. 14 marks.

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ATP – Feb 2016 – L2 – Q5 – Employment Income Exceptions

List exceptions to the general rule that employment income, including allowances and benefits, is taxable under Act 592.

a). Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592), as amended a person’s income from an employment, as a general rule, is taxable. A person’s income from an employment is that person’s gains or profits from that employment. The gains or profits from an employment of a person include the allowances or benefits paid in cash or given in kind to, or on behalf of, that person from that employment.

As the Head of Tax Department of your company, you are required to indicate exceptions, if any, to the above general rule in your advisory capacity to your Managing Director, who is scheduled to make a presentation to strategic investors of your company. (10 Marks)

b). The Ghana Revenue Authority is in the process of abolishing the Provisional Assessments under section 76 of the Internal Revenue Act, 2000, (Act 592), as amended and instead, fully roll out the Self-assessment under section 78 of the Internal Revenue Act, 2000, (Act 592), as amended to all taxpayers (at the Large Taxpayer Office, Medium Taxpayer Offices, and Small Taxpayer Offices). As a tax consultant, you have been invited by the Association of Ghana Industries to speak to its members on the topic “The Merits of Self-assessment”.

You are required to state briefly only five (5) of the benefits or importance of Self-assessment. (10 Marks)

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ATP – Feb 2016 – L2 – Q4 – Transaction Value and Goods Classification

Explain transaction value and distinguish between identical and similar goods for customs purposes under PNDCL 330.

a). Section 30 of the Customs, Excise and Preventive Service (Management) Law, 1993 (P.N.D.C.L. 330), as amended provides, among other things, that the transaction value of an item is to be used for Customs purposes.

i) What is “transaction value”? (3 marks)

ii) Distinguish between “identical goods” and “similar goods” in the ascertainment of transaction value. (8 marks)

b). In what circumstances shall excise duty not be paid on goods as provided for in section 57(2) of Customs, Excise and Preventive Service (Management) Law, 1993 (P.N.D.C.L. 330), as amended. (9 marks)

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ATP – Feb 2016 – L2 – Q3 – Income Tax Computation

Compute Mr. Abu Sakari’s tax liability for 2014 based on salary, allowances, benefits, and reliefs.

Mr. Abu Sakari has been appointed the Head of Tax Department of Jubilee Hub Limited with effect from 1st January 2014 on annual basic salary of GHS84,000.00. Mr. Sakari also enjoys the following allowances and benefits by virtue of his position:

i. Risk allowance of GHS400.00 per month.
ii. Responsibility allowance of GHS500.00 per month.
iii. Child education allowance of GHS600.00 per month.

He is provided with a soft furnished accommodation by the company as well as a Toyota Camry saloon car which is fuelled by the company. He contributes 5.5% of his salary to the Social Security Fund and the company contributes 13%. He is a widower with four children. The first child is pursuing a BSc. Nursing program at the University of Ghana, the second child attends Presbyterian Boys Senior High School, Legon, and the last two girls attend University of Ghana Junior High School, Legon. He is fully responsible for the upkeep of his father aged 61 years and his mother aged 58 years.

He has two life assurance policies with the following details:

Company Sum Assured (GHS) Annual Premium (GHS)
a) Vanguard Life Company 48,000.00 4,900.00
b) Enterprise Life Company 45,000.00 3,200.00

You are required to:
a) Compute Mr. Abu Sakari’s tax liability for the 2014 year of assessment.

b) Determine Mr. Abu Sakari’s take-home pay for the 2014 tax year.

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ATP – Aug 2015 – L2 – Q5 – Tax Compliance Framework

List three circumstances where filing a Return of Income is not required under the Internal Revenue Act.

(a). Mr. Tanko Alhassan is the Head of Customer Service Department of Saabhot Company Limited. The following information is extracted from his Tax Return for 2014 year of assessment.

GH¢
Basic salary (2014) 144,000.00
Responsibility allowance 3,600.00
Professional allowance 2,500.00
House-Help allowance 2,800.00
Entertainment allowance 4,500.00

Mr. Tanko Alhassan was paid a bonus of GH¢45,800.00 by his employer on 27th February 2015 in respect of his performance for the year 2014. He uses his own private car for official duties for which he was given a monthly reimbursable fuel allowance of GH¢1,000.00. He is a divorcee with two children who attends Christ the King Junior High School in Accra. As part of the company’s policy to support brilliant children, each of Mr. Tanko Alhassan’s children are on an annual educational bursary of GH¢3,000.00.

He contributes 5.5% of his salary to the Social Security Scheme and an additional 5% to a Staff Provident Fund Scheme under the National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act 766). His employer, Saabhot Company Limited contributes on his behalf 13% and 5% of his salary to the Social Security Scheme and the Staff Provident Fund Scheme respectively.

You are required to compute the tax liability of Mr. Tanko Alhassan for the 2014 year of assessment.

(b). Under section 72 of the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) as amended, persons are generally required to furnish Returns of Income to the Ghana Revenue Authority. Except as may be required by the Commissioner-General by notice in writing that a person files a return, the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) as amended, provides exception from filing of Return of Income.

You are required to indicate only three circumstances where the filing of a Return of Income is not required under the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) as amended.

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ATP – Aug 2015 – L2 – Q4 – Income Tax Computation

Compute chargeable income for partners of Zee & Associates for 2012-2014, including capital allowances.

Ace, Brace and Crate have been in partnership since 2006 trading as Zee & Associates dealing in cement and preparing accounts to December 31 each year. Their Partnership Agreement showed that they share profits in the ratio 5:4:3 respectively.

The written-down values of the assets used in their operations as at 31st December, 2011 were as follows:

GH¢
Office Equipment 148,000.00
Pick–up vehicles 95,000.00
Saloon vehicles 80,000.00

Brace resigned from Zee & Associates on 2nd January 2013 and on his exit, Ace and Crate continued the business agreeing to share profits in the ratio 2:1 respectively.

The partnership Firm acquired the following additional assets:

a) A building for office annex costing GH¢430,000.00 on 4th October, 2013.

b) One Toyota Camry for GH¢85,000.00 on 26th March 2012

c) One Toyota Land Cruiser Prado at a cost of GH¢188,000.00 on 3rd July, 2013

Some of the office equipment were sold on 15th June, 2013 for GH¢35,000.00.

The Firm’s adjusted profits for tax purposes but before grant of capital allowance were as follows:

Year to 31/12/2012 GH¢315,000.00
Year to 31/12/2013 GH¢298,000.00
Year to 31/12/2014 GH¢328,000.00

You are required to compute the chargeable income, if any, of each partner for the relevant years of assessment on the assumption that no other incomes accrued to any of the partners.

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ATP – Aug 2015 – L2 – Q3 – Income Tax Computation

Advise on tax implications of loans from Zenith Bank and Bank of America for Zabta Company.

(a). Zabta Company Limited has been in operation in Ghana for less than two years. The Managing Director is not comfortable with the Head of Finance with regard to the manner in which he handles tax issues of the company and has therefore sought your advice on the tax implications of the following intended transactions by the company: i) Borrowing from Zenith Bank (Ghana) Limited of an amount of GHS2.50 million at an interest rate of 28% per annum and a commitment fee of 1% flat. ii) Borrowing from Bank of America (in the USA) of an amount of US$4.00 million at an interest rate of 9% per annum and a commitment fee of 0.3% flat.

As a newly appointed tax consultant of the company, you are required to advise the Managing Director (in a memorandum) of the tax implications of the above transactions.

(b). You have been recently appointed an Advisor responsible for Finance and Tax at the office of the Chief of Staff of Ghana. The Chief of Staff has requested you for a reasoned write-up of the taxability status of the Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana under the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) as amended.

You are required to explain the taxability status of the Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592), as amended with respect to income tax, capital gains tax, and gift tax.

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ATP – Aug 2015 – L2 – Q2 – Employment Income Taxation

List conditions for tax-exempt passage allowances for expatriates under Ghana tax laws.

(a). As a tax consultant, you have been contacted by a prospective investor who is planning his staff budget for expatriates and would like to know if there are any qualifying conditions under which allowances or payments made to an employee (expatriate) by an employer for a passage to or from Ghana in respect of that person’s appointment or termination of employment will not be taxed in the hand of that person (employee) under the tax laws of Ghana.

You are required to indicate the three qualifying conditions available under the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) as amended.

(b). Under what circumstances will a person who owns a chargeable asset be deemed to have realized the asset in accordance with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) as amended. Are there any exceptions?

(c). Jones Lamptey completed construction of a building at a cost of GHS105,000.00 in June 2011 at Madina. In April 2014, he had undertaken repairs to the building amounting to GHS3,600.00 as a result of cracks and leakages to the roof. In June 2014, he also paid an amount of GHS800 for fire insurance on the building to State Insurance Company of Ghana. In September 2014, Jones sold the house to Abeiku Martey for GHS150,900.00 and paid sales commission of 3% of the sales proceed to Dumsor Real Estate Agency, who arranged and facilitated the transaction. In November 2014, Jones used GHS130,000.00 of the sales proceed of the building at Madina to purchase another building at Lakeside Estate because he wanted to live in a gated community.

You are required to determine capital gains, if any, accruing to Jones Lamptey from these transactions.

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ATP – Aug 2015 – L2 – Q1 – Income Tax Computation

Advise on tax implications of church income and pastoral allowances under Ghana tax laws.

(a). The Pastoral Council of the Church of Soul Resurrection has approached you as a tax consultant for tax advice on the operations of the Church, including allowances paid to the Pastors and other Reverend Ministers. You are informed that the income of the Church is from donations, offertories and tithes from its congregants which are used towards charitable causes in the community and the upkeep of the Church. You are also informed that the Church was registered as a company limited by guarantee under the Companies Act, 1963 (Act 179) as amended.

You are required to write a memorandum (since you also double as a member of the Pastoral Council) to the Chairman of the Pastoral Council of the Church of Soul Resurrection to explain the tax implications of the income of the Church and the allowances paid to the Pastors and other Reverend Ministers. Please note that your advice should be based on the provisions of the tax laws of Ghana.

(b). Under Section 20 of the Value Added Tax Act, 2013 (Act 870), “supply of goods” means an arrangement under which the owner of goods parts with possession of the goods, by way of sale, barter, lease, transfer, exchange, gift or similar disposition; and

“supply of services” means a supply which is not a supply of goods or money, and in the nature of the performance of services for another person; the making available of a facility or advantage; or tolerating a situation or refraining from doing an activity.”

With reference to the above quotation, you are required to indicate the activities that do not constitute supply of goods or services under the Value Added Tax Act, 2013 (Act 870).

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