From my governance roles at Access Bank Ghana, mandates and set-offs are key under PNDC Law 225 and Act 930, ensuring orderly account closures, especially post-2019 cleanup.

a. Five Instances of Customer Mandate Revocation (10 marks):

• Death of the customer, requiring probate.
• Customer’s bankruptcy or insolvency.
• Receipt of garnishee order from court.
• Customer’s mental incapacity, per medical certification.
• Explicit revocation by customer notice.

b. Definition of Set-Off (4 marks): Set-off is the bank’s right to combine debit and credit balances across a customer’s accounts to settle debts, without notice, per common law and BoG guidelines.

c. Three Instances Where Set-Off is Automatic (6 marks):

• Upon customer’s death, to settle estates.
• In bankruptcy proceedings, to offset claims.
• When accounts are in the same capacity and currency, per legal precedents.