- 20 Marks
Question
a) Inventory refers to the goods and materials that a business holds for the ultimate goal of resale, production or utilisation in the near future. Inventory could be in the form of raw materials, finished goods, work in progress, among others. You are required to: Identify FIVE (5) reasons why actual inventory counted may be different from the balance in the inventory records. (5 marks)
b) The following transactions have been recorded at the Stores of Kobo Kobo Ltd. for the month of January 2022 relating to material bx.
Date Receipt Issued 2/1 1,000 units at GH¢40 per unit 5/1 600 units at GH¢45 per unit 10/1 800 units 11/1 150 units 15/1 1,200 units at GH¢42 per unit 18/1 850 units 24/1 900 units at GH¢48 per unit
You are required to: Prepare a statement clearly showing the closing balances at the end of each transaction using the FIFO method. (12 marks)
c) Management Accounting Reports aid optimum decision making when information considered in preparing the report is reliable. Information is created when data is presented in a way that has meaning to the recipient. To turn data into information, it must be processed and organised. You are required to: State TWO (2) sources from where information can be obtained for Management Accounting Reports and give ONE (1) example of each source. (3 marks)
[Total: 20 marks]
Answer
a) Five reasons why actual inventory counted may differ from records:
- Theft or pilferage by employees or external parties, common in retail banking inventory like stationery.
- Errors in recording transactions, such as incorrect quantities in receipts or issues.
- Damage or spoilage not recorded, leading to physical loss without adjustment.
- Clerical errors in stock cards or system, like duplication or omission.
- Timing differences, e.g., goods in transit not yet recorded but physically present.
b) FIFO (First In First Out) statement for material bx:
Use columns: Date, Receipt Qty, Receipt Rate, Receipt Value, Issue Qty, Issue Value, Balance Qty, Balance Value
Start with zero balance assumed.
2/1 Receipt: 1,000 @40, value 40,000
Balance: 1,000 @40, value 40,000
5/1 Receipt: 600 @45, value 27,000
Balance: 1,000 @40 + 600 @45 = 1,600 units, value 67,000
10/1 Issue 800: FIFO, take from first: 800 @40, value 32,000
Balance: 200 @40 + 600 @45 = 800 units, value 8,000 + 27,000 = 35,000
11/1 Issue 150: from 200 @40, 150 @40, value 6,000
Balance: 50 @40 + 600 @45 = 650 units, value 2,000 + 27,000 = 29,000
15/1 Receipt: 1,200 @42, value 50,400
Balance: 50 @40 + 600 @45 + 1,200 @42 = 1,850 units, value 2,000 + 27,000 + 50,400 = 79,400
18/1 Issue 850: FIFO: 50 @40 (2,000) + 600 @45 (27,000) + 200 @42 (8,400), total value 37,400
Balance: 1,000 @42, value 42,000
24/1 Receipt: 900 @48, value 43,200
Balance: 1,000 @42 + 900 @48 = 1,900 units, value 42,000 + 43,200 = 85,200
To arrive at solutions: For each issue, assign costs from oldest stock first, calculate value issued as qty * oldest rates, subtract from balance.
c) Two sources for management accounting reports:
- Internal sources: Example, company’s sales ledger or ERP system data on revenue trends.
- External sources: Example, market research reports from Ghana Statistical Service on industry benchmarks.
- Topic: Management Accounting
- Series: APR 2024
- Uploader: Samuel Duah