Which of the following methods CANNOT be utilized for trend measurement in time series data?
A. Free hand method
B. Semi-average method
C. Moving average method
D. Least squares method
E. Spearman’s ranking method

E. Spearman’s ranking method

Explanation:
Spearman’s ranking method is a technique used to measure the strength of association between two ranked variables, not for measuring trends in time series data. Other options are valid methods for trend measurement in time series analysis.