The following three essential factors must be present for an insurance company to claim contribution in cases of multiple insurance:

1. Same Subject Matter: The insurance policies must cover the same subject matter. For example, two policies taken out on the same property (e.g., a building or vehicle) must both cover the same risk.
2. Same Interest: The insured party must have the same interest in all the policies. For example, the policies should relate to the same financial or ownership interest, ensuring that the same individual or entity benefits from the insurance.
3. Same Peril: The risk or peril covered by the different policies must be identical. Both insurance policies must protect against the same type of event, such as fire, theft, or damage, for contribution to be applicable.

These factors ensure that when multiple insurers cover the same risk, they contribute proportionately to the claim payout, preventing the insured from profiting from over-insurance.