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PSAF – L2 – Q13.3- Financial Statements Discussion and Analysis

Compute financial ratios for two West African nations based on provided financial statements.

Nation A and Nation B are West African Nations that attained independence around the same period. Presented below are the financial statements of the two countries.

Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2023

Nation A (GH¢ million) Nation B (GH¢ million)
Current liabilities
Payables 9,300 6,150
Trust monies 2,100 1,350
Domestic debt 24,000 6,750
35,400 14,250
Non-current liabilities
Domestic debt 54,000 27,000
External debt 63,675 33,000
117,675 60,000
Total fund and liabilities 153,075 74,250

Required:
(a) From the information provided, compute for the two countries respectively:

  • Grant to Total Revenue ratio;
  • Wage Bill to Tax Revenue ratio;
  • Interest to Revenue ratio;
  • Debt to GDP ratio;
  • Capital expenditure per Capita; and
  • Wages bill to Total Expenditure ratio.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (b) Based on the result in question (a), write a report discussing and analyzing the financial performance and financial position of the two countries. Include in your report the limitations of the analysis of the two countries.

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FM – L2 – Q54 – Discounted Cash Flow

Calculate NPV for Kumasi Motors Ltd's new product line, considering capital expenditure, market share, and opportunity costs over four years.

Kumasi Motors Ltd, a manufacturer of car accessories, is considering a new product line. This project would commence at the start of Kumasi Motors Ltd’s next financial year and run for four years. Kumasi Motors Ltd’s next year-end is 31st December 2005.

The following information relates to the project:
A feasibility study costing GH¢8 million was completed earlier this year but will not be paid for until March 20X6. The study indicated that the project was technically viable.

Capital expenditure
If Kumasi Motors Ltd proceeds with the project, it would need to buy new plant and machinery costing GH¢180 million to be paid for at the start of the project. It is estimated that the new plant and machinery would be sold for GH¢25 million at the end of the project.
If Kumasi Motors Ltd undertakes the project, it will sell an existing machine for cash at the start of the project for GH¢2 million. This machine had been scheduled for disposal at the end of 20X7 for GH¢1 million.

Market research
Industry consultants have supplied the following information:
Market size for the product is GH¢1,100 million in 20X5. The market is expected to grow by 2% per annum.

Market share projections should Kumasi Motors Ltd proceed with the project are as follows:

20X6 20X7 20X8 20X9
Market share 0.07 0.09 0.15

Subcontractors
Some of the work on the project would be performed by subcontractors who would be paid the following amounts:

Year 20X6 20X7 20X8 20X9
Payments to subcontractors (GH¢ million) 10 12 15 15

Fixed overheads
Incremental fixed overheads (all cash expenses) will be GH¢5 million in each of the four years of the project.

Labour costs
At the start of the project, employees currently working in another department would be transferred to work on the new product line. These employees currently earn GH¢3.6 million. An employee currently earning GH¢2 million would be promoted to work on the new line at a salary of GH¢3 million per annum. A new employee would be recruited to fill the vacated position.
As a direct result of introducing the new product line, employees in another department currently earning GH¢4 million would have to be made redundant at the end of 20X6 and paid redundancy pay of GH¢6 million at the end of 20X7.

Material costs
The company holds a stock of Material X which cost GH¢6.4 million last year. There is no other use for this material. If it is not used, the company would have to dispose of it at a cost to the company of GH¢2 million in 20X6. This would occur early in 20X6.
Material Z is also in stock and will be used on the new line. It cost the company GH¢3.5 million some years ago. The company has no other use for it, but could sell it on the open market for GH¢3 million early in 20X6.

Further information
The year-end payables are paid in the following year.
The company’s cost of capital is a constant 10% per annum.
It can be assumed that operating cash flows occur at the year-end.
Time 0 is 1st January 20X6 (t1 is 31st December 20X6, etc.)

Required
Calculate the net present value of the proposed new product line (work to the nearest million).

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AA – L2 – Q35 – Internal Control Systems

List internal controls for capital and revenue expenditure on a vehicle fleet at Countrywide Retail. List tests of control for capital and revenue expenditure on a vehicle fleet at Countrywide Retail.

The transport department of Countrywide Retail operates a fleet of 100 motor vehicles. Some vehicles are purchased for cash and some are leased.

(a) List the internal controls you would expect to see in place over capital and revenue expenditure on the vehicle fleet.

(b) Set out the tests of control that the auditor might perform over capital and revenue expenditure on the vehicle fleet.

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AA – L2 – Q27 – Risk Assessment and Internal Control

Identify five audit risks for Unity Football Club and explain auditor responses. Describe proof in total calculations for UFC’s ticket sales, loan interest, and payroll expenses. Explain three internal controls for UFC’s club shop or snack bars and their objectives.

You are the senior responsible for planning the audit of Unity Football Club Limited (UFC) for the year ended May 31, 2008.
UFC runs a football club which was promoted to the top division in the league this season. The football season starts on September 1 and ends on May 31 so that the players get a break over the summer months.
UFC own their football stadium which now has the capacity to seat 25,000 people. Of the 25,000 seats, 19,000 are allocated to UFC supporters (home supporters) and are sold to season ticket holders only. The remaining 6,000 tickets are for away supporters and cannot be sold to UFC supporters.
Season tickets cost GH¢260 for adults and GH¢175 for children. Following their recent promotion all the season tickets have been sold this year with 70% of season tickets sold to adults and the remaining 30% to children. Tickets for away supporters are always sold at GH¢20 per ticket regardless of whether the ticket is sold to an adult or a child. On average 50% of away supporter tickets have been sold for each of the 14 home games played at UFC’s stadium during the football season.
UFC’s other revenue streams include the sale of football kits and other memorabilia from the club shop, and food and drink sales from the club snack bars.
Following promotion to the top division, the club added an extra stand to the stadium to increase the seating capacity to the current level of 25,000. Other existing areas of the stadium also underwent maintenance in order to restore them to their original condition. The work was carried out during June and July, 2007 and cost a total of GH¢3,360,000. To finance this UFC took out a GH¢2,900,000 loan on June 1, 2007.
The loan carries an interest rate of 7% and is repayable over the next five years. The loan is secured on the stadium.
The directors feel that the club’s greatest assets (other than the stadium) are the football players themselves. The players have performed so well this year that some of the other football clubs in the same division have made preliminary offers to buy three of UFC’s players. UFC is particularly pleased about this as these players joined the club through their youth academy programme. Consequently the directors would like to value these three players as intangible non-current assets in UFC’s financial statements. The players will be valued at the offer price received from the other clubs. The directors feel this is a prudent valuation because they are confident that the eventual selling price would be much higher than the preliminary offer.
One of the major drawbacks of the club’s promotion has been that the club has had to increase the level of players’ salaries. The total salary expense for the year is estimated to be in the region of GH¢2,800,000. This is a particularly surprising figure as it is higher than the other operating costs for the year which are estimated at GH¢2,400,000.
UFC has just appointed a team of internal auditors. They have not been in position long enough to help you with your audit work but the directors are keen for the internal auditors to improve the company’s internal controls in relation to the club shop and snack bars.

Required:
(a) Using the information provided, describe FIVE (5) audit risks and explain the auditor’s response to each risk in planning the audit of UFC.

(b) Describe how the auditor could perform a proof in total calculation to confirm each of UFC’s revenue from ticket sales, loan interest and payroll expense for players’ salaries.

(c) Explain THREE (3) internal controls the internal auditors of UFC should implement relating to the club shop or snack bars, and state the objective of each of the three controls.

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